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Day 2
Learning: a relatively permanent change in an
organisms behaviour due to experience.
Q: How do we learn?
3)Produced tone before giving food. Dog salivated because of food. (repeated many
times).
CS UCS UCR
Sight of Dog Dog Bite Frightened
CS CR
Sight of Dog Frightened
Classical Conditioning
Identify the UCS, UCR, CS & CR for the following
example: Edna is involved in a car crash. After
the crash, every time she hears brakes squealing,
her heart races.
Classical Conditioning
UCS UCR
Car Crash Racing Heart
CS UCS UCR
Squealing Car Crash Racing Heart
Brakes
CS CR
Squealing Racing Heart
Brakes
Pavlov found processes that influence Classical Conditioning:
1) Acquisition the timing of the initial pairing of the neutral stimulus with the unconditioned
stimulus is extremely important. If the time delay is too long between stimuli, the association
will not happen.
It helps animals survive and reproduce by responding to cues that help it gain food, avoid
dangers, defeat rivals, locate mates and produce offspring.
5 processes that influence Classical Conditioning:
4) Generalization once a response has been conditioned
for a stimulus, similar stimuli elicit the same response. For
example, a rat learns that pressing a lever will result in
food when any colour of light is on, but not when the light is
off.
Stimulus itchy
Response/Behaviour scratching
Negative reinforcement stopping the irritating
itch
Overjustification problem with
conditioned reinforcement?
Overjustification effect: rewarding the person for what they
already like to do.
The person then sees the reward, rather than experiencing the
intrinsic motivation for performing the task.
The person may come to find they like doing the task less and
less.
Motivation
Intrinsic motivation: desire to perform a
behavior for its own sake and to be effective.