DIRECT INDIRECT SPEECH & SIMPLE PAST

TENSE
Text: Eating Out Can Hurt Heart Health, Expert Warns

By :

1. Fatonah
2. Rohmah
3. Lia
4. Afika
DIRECT INDRECT SPEECH
Example from the text :
If you have to eat fast food, choose
something from the kids menu, Gilchrist said.
Dont be shy about asking how something is
cooked or for substitutions, noted Gilchrist.
If you know youre eating out, conserve
calories ahead of time,Gilchrist
recommended.
 Direct Indirect Speech
Direct speech adalah suatu kalimat yang diucapkan

secara langsung. Contoh:

Andi says to me : you are the one I love very much

Indirect speech adalah suatu kalimat yang

menggambarkan perkataan secara tidak langsung.

Jika kita merubah contoh kalimat di atas maka

indirect speechnya menjadi:

Andi says to me that I am the one he love so much

ATURAN PERUBAHAN DIRECT

INDIRECT SPEECH
1. Tenses
DIRECT SPEECH INDIRECT SPECH
Simple present Simple past
he eats rice he ate rice
Present continuous Past continuous
He is eating rice he was eating rice
Present perfect Past perfect
he has eaten rice he had eaten rice
Present perfect continuous Past perfect continuous
he has been eating rice he had been eating rice
Simple past Past perfect
he ate rice he had eaten rice
Past continuous Past perfect continuous
he was eating rice he had been eating rice
Simple future Past future
he will eat rice he would eat rice
Past future Past future
he would eat rice he would eat rice
2. Keterangan Waktu dan Tempat
No DIRECT INDIRECT

1 Now Then

2 Tomorrow The following day

3 Yesterday The day before

4 Next week The following week

5 Tonight/ Today That night/ That day

6 Here There

7 This That

8 These Those
3. Bentuk Dasar Kalimat

Command
(perintah)

Statement Question
(pertanyaan)
(pernyataan)
Statement (pernyataan)

Dalam Indirect Statement kita menggunakan kata that sebagai

penghubung. Exp:

1. Andi told me: I invite you to come to my party tonight

Andi told me that he invited me to come to his party that night

2. My sister said to me: Papa warned me last night

My sister said to me that papa had warned her the night

before.
Command (perintah)

a. Positif

Dalam perintah positif kita tambahkan to di depan kalimat

perintahnya sebagai penghubung :
He asked me: Open your book

He asked me to open my book.

b. Negatif

Dalam perintah negatif kita tambahkan not to di depan

perintah yang dilaporkan. Contoh:
Mary told John: Dont wait for me

Mary told John not to wait for her.

Question (pertanyaan)

Kalimat pertanyaan dibagi menjadi dua kategori:

Pertanyaan yang menggunakan kata tanya (what, where,

when, who, why, how ), maka kata tanya tersebulah yang

menjadi penghubung antara induk dan induk kalimat. Contoh:

He asked me : How will you go there ?
He asked me how I would go there

Pertanyaan yang tidak menggunakan kata tanya dan

jawabannya berupa yes atau no. Contoh:

The teacher asked her : Have you finish your homework ?
The teacher asked her if he had finished her homework.
SIMPLE PAST TENSE
Example from the text :

She offered the following tips on

how to make healthier choices at
restaurant.
 SIMPLE PAST TENSE
Bentuk kata kerja sederhana yang menunjukkan suatu

kejadian masa lampau. Ciri ciri:

Menggunakan tobe verb-2, yaitu was dan were.

Tobe were (we, you, they) dan was (I, he, she, it).

Menggunakan todo did.

Menggunakan keterangan waktu lampau. Exp :

yesterday, one year ago, the day before, once upon a

time, last week, last night.

BENTUK RUMUS SIMPLE
PRESENT TENSE
 Kalimat Nominal
(+) S + were/was + Non verb
(-) S + were/was + Not +
Non verb
(?) were/was + S + Non verb ?
Kalimat Verbal
(+) S + V2
(-) S + did not + V1
(?)Did + S + V1 ?
FUNGSI SIMPLE PAST
TENSE
1. Menunjukkan pekerjaan yang terjadi pada masa
lalu tanpa ingin menekankan pekerjaan tersebut
sedang terjadi atau telah terjadi.

Contoh:

# I knocked on your door last night but no one

came out .

# Did you tell her that I was with my another girl

friend last weekend?
2. Digunakan dalam Conditional Sentence type 2

Contoh:

a. I would invite you to go along with me if the

car was not full at that time.

b. If you did not cheat me, I would be nice to

you.
3. Menjadi kalimat penyela terhadap suatu pekerjaan

yang sedang berlangsung pada masa lalu (past

continuous tense).

Contoh:

# She came into the class when the teacher was

teaching.

# Last night I almost got an accident since a cat

crossed in front of my car when I was driving my car.

4.Untuk menerangkan pekerjaan yang terjadi pada

masa lalu setelah kejadian lainnya selesai (berurutan

atau kronologis). Kejadian pertama tersebut biasanya

menggunakan past perfect tense.

Contoh:

# I had already gone out from that building before the

bomb blew up .

# She had finished her job before I came .

 REFERENCE
1. https://inggrisonline.com/pengertian-perubahan-rumus-d
irect-indirect-speech-dan-contoh-kalimat/

2. http://inggrisonline.com/pengertian-rumus-simple-past-

tense-fungsi-dan-contoh-kalimat/
THANK YOU