Technology & Information System

Chapter 6 : Input And

Output
DEFINITION

INPUT
Any data or instructions that are used by a
computer.

INPUT DEVICES
Hardware used to translate words, numbers, sounds, images and gestures that people
understand into a form that the system unit can process.
TRADITIONAL KEYBOARD

Widely used on desktop and larger computers

Provides function keys , navigation keys and
numeric pad
Toggle key : turns a feature on or off
: Exp Caps lock
Combination key : perform action when
held
down with another key
: Exp Ctrl key
LAPTOP KEYBOARD

Smaller than traditional keyboard

Widely used on laptop computers
Have fewer keys , do not include a
numeric keypad
Do not have a standard location for the
function and navigation keys
VIRTUAL KEYBOARD

Used primarily with mobile devices

and tablets
Do not have physical keyboard
Typically displayed on screen and
selected by touching their image on
the screen
THUMB KEYBOARD

Used on smartphones and other small

devices
Designed for communicating via texting
and connecting to the web
Very small
Stylu
s
MOUSE

Controls a pointer on the monitor

Optical mouse most widely used
- emits and senses light to detect mouse
movement

Touchpad used to control mouse pointer and to make

selections
Operates by moving or tapping finger on the touchpad surface
TOUCH SCREEN

Allow users to select actions or commands by

touching the screen with finger on penlike devices
Multitouch screens : can be touched with more than a
finger
: allows interactions such as
rotating
or zooming in
GAME CONTROLLER
Provide input to computer games

JOYSTICK GAMEPADS

Control game action by Held by two hands and provide

varying the pressure , A wide array of input including
speed and direction motion,turning,stopping and firing

DANCE PAD
MOTION-SENSING DEVICES
Users move (dance)
on a pressure-sensitive mat Control games by user
that provides input to movements
the game
STYLUS

Pen like devices typically used with tablets and

mobile devices
Uses pressure to draw images
Handwriting recognition software :
translates handwritten notes into a form that the system
unit can process

SCANNIN
G
DEVICES

onvert scanned text and images into a form that the system can process
 OPTICAL SCANNERS

Accept documents (text and images) and converts them to machine-readable form

Portable Scanner
Flatbed Scanner Document Scanner
Handheld device that slide across
A copy machine Can quickly scan multipage image , making direct contact
documents
CARD READERS

Encoded information stored on a thin

magnetic strip on the back of the
card
Used in credit card , debit card and
access (parking or building) card
 BAR CODE READERS

Automate processes to check out customers

Change product price
Maintain inventory records

Automate process of routing packages

Racking in-transit packages
Locating lost packages

Contain photoelectric Provide consumer information

cells that scan bar codes
RFID Readers

Radio-frequency identification

Widely used to track and locate lost pets ,

monitor production and update inventory
RFID tags : found in consumer products ,
driver licenses , passports
 CHARACTER AND MARK RECOGNITION
DEVICES
Scanners that are able to recognize special character and marks

Magnetic-ink character Optical-character Optical-mark

recognition (MICR) recognition (OCR) recognition(OMR)

Used by bank to automatically read Uses special pre-printed Sense the presence or absence of
unusual numbers on the bottom characters that can be read a mark used to score standardized
of cheque and deposit slips by light source and changed multiple-choice tests
into machine readable code
 IMAGE CAPTURING DEVICES
Create or capture original images
(Unlike optical scanners that make digital copy of a photograph)

DIGITAL CAMERAS WEBCAMS

Captures image digitally and store the Specialized digital video cameras that
images on a memory card captures images and send them to a
Able to record video computer for broadcast
 AUDIO-INPUT DEVICES
Converts sounds into a form that can be processed by system unit

VOICE RECOGNITION
SYSTEMS
Uses microphone , sound card and special software
Allow user to operate computer and create documents
using voice commands
Examples :

Navigation on GPS devices

Voice-controlled dialing features on mobile phone
Control of car audio system

Some system able to translate dictation from one language to another

DEFINITION

OUTPUT
Processed data or information

OUTPUT DEVICES
Hardware used to provide or to create output
Translate information that has been processed by system unit into a form that human
can understand
 Features

Flat-Panel
Other Monitors MONITORS Monitors

E-Book Readers
FEATURES

Clarity : equality and sharpness of the displayed images

Resolution : Expressed as a matrix of pixels

higher resolution , clearer image produced
Pixel pitch : Distance between each pixel
Contrast Ratio : Monitors ability to display images
Higher ratio , better the monitor
Lower pixel pitch , clearer image produced
Size : Measured by diagonal length of a monitors viewing
area
Aspect Ratio : Proportional relationship between displays width and
height
FLAT-PANEL MONITORS

Thinner , more portable and require less power to operate

Types

Liquid Crystal Display

(LCD)

Used for older monitors

Less expensive

Light-emitting Diode (LED)

Produce better quality images

Slimmer
More environmentally friendly
E-BOOK READERS

Dedicated mobile devices for storing and

displaying e-books , electronic newspaper and
magazines
E-ink : Produces images that reflect light like
a real paper , making the display easy to read
 OTHER MONITORS

INTERACTIVE WHITEBOARD HIGH-DEFINITION CATHODE-RAY

TELEVISION(HDTV) TUBES(CRTs)
Specialized devices with a large
display connected to a computer Much clearer and more Similar to older television
or projector detailed wide-screen Serious threat to
Controlled by a pen , a finger or picture than regular environment
other device television
PRINTE
RS
FEATURES

RESOLUTION Measured in dpi (dots per inch)

COLOR Most common black ink selection : Grayscale

SPEED Measured in number of pages printed per minute

MEMORY Used to store printing instructions and documents that waiting to be printe

DUPLEX
Allows automatic printing on both side of a sheet of paper
PRINTING
INKJET PRINTERS

Spray ink at high speed onto the surface of paper

Most widely used type of printers
Reliable
Quiet
Inexpensive
The most costly aspect is replacing the cartridges
Typically produce 15-19 pages per minute of black ink ,
13-15 pages per minute of color ink
LASER PRINTERS

Uses technology similar to photocopying machine

Use a laser like beam to produce images with excellent
letter and graphic quality
Categories : Personal Laser Printers & Shared
Laser Printers
3-D PRINTERS

Create objects by adding layers of material onto one

another.
Available for decades; however, recent price
reductions have increased their popularity.
AUDIO-OUTPUT DEVICES

Translate audio information from the computer into

sounds that people can understand.
The most widely used are speakers and headsets.
These devices connect either by cable to an audio
jack on the system unit or by a wireless
connection.
Bluetooth technology is widely used to connect
wireless devices.
COMBINATION INPUT AND OUTPUT
DEVICES
Multifunctional Devices
Typically combine the capabilities of a scanner, printer, fax,
and copy machine.

Internet Telephones
Send and receive voice communication over computer
networks.
Voice over IP (VoIP) is a set of standards for communications
over the Internet.
Telephony (Internet telephony) is a VoIP application.
Skype is a widely used VoIP service provider.

Virtual Reality Headgear and Gloves

Creates 3-D simulated immersive experiences.
VR hardware includes headgear and gloves.
Applications include training environments, such as in
aviation, surgery, spaceship repair, or nuclear disaster
ERGONOMICS

Portable Computers

Laptops do not allow correct positioning of keyboard and screen; raise

level of laptop and use external keyboard.
Tablets with virtual keyboards cause improper alignment of users head;
take frequent breaks, move while working, use cover or stand, use
external keyboard.
Smartphones require extensive use of thumbs; keep wrists straight,
head up, and shoulders straight and use other fingers.
 To avoid eyestrain
To avoid back and neck
and headache, take
pain, use adjustable
15 minutes break
equipment; chairs
every hour; keep
adjust for height,
everything youre
angle, and back
focusing on at same
support; monitors at
distance; and clean
eye level or slightly
screen periodically.
below. Use footrest, if
necessary, to reduce
leg fatigue.
To avoid repetitive
strain injury (RSI)
and carpal tunnel
syndrome, use
ergonomically correct
keyboards; take
frequent, short rest
breaks; and gently
massage hands.