JURISPRUDENCE

Legal Theories of Law

Meaning of jurisprudence
The term jurisprudential is consists of
two words (1) Juries
(2) Prudential.
The term Juries means law and
The termprudential means
knowledge/ skill .Therefore, the term
jurisprudence means knowledge of
law or skill of law.
Thus Jurisprudence is the science of
law.
It is concerned with the study of the
entire body of legal principles.
 INTER-RELATION OF
JURISPRUDENCE AND SOCIOLOGY
Jurisprudence and sociology is closely
inter-related with each other.
Sociology is the study of man in society.

Law controls and regulates action of

human beings in society and it is
,therefore a subject of great importance
for the sociologist.
There is, however, difference of approach
of a sociologist and of the lawyer to the
subject of law
 Sociology and
Jurisprudence
A lawyer is concerned with the rules that men ought to
obey.
He is not interested in knowing how and to what extent,
the law actually govern thebehavior of the ordinary
citizens.
On the other hand ,a sociologist is interested in law as
a social phenomenon. His chief concern is not with the
rules themselves but with whether they are observed or
not and in what way.
A sociologists study of law from this angle has been
given title of sociology of law or sociological
Jurisprudence.
Criminology and penology are its important
branches.
 Criminology and penology

Criminology is concerned with the

systematic study of crime and criminal
behaviour from the social point of view.
Penology(The branch of criminology
concerned with prison management and
prisoner rehabilitation) studies the effects
of various penal systems of punishment
and the efficacy of reform and
rehabilitation schemes in changing
criminal behaviour.
 Sociology and
Jurisprudence
These branches of legal sociology have rendered
great service to the law makers and law executors
by adding to their knowledge how the laws actually
work and how the crime can be effectively Dealt
with .
Sociology has thus shed considerable light and
understanding on the various problems that the
society has to solve ,particularly ,from the point of
view of criminal jurisprudence.
Consequently jurisprudence has assumed a new
meaning that laws are to be made for men and
The law makers and its executors are to take
into consideration the humane and the social
aspect while making or executing laws.
SOCIOLOGY AND POliTICAL SCIENCE
Political science and sociology
are closely related .
Political science is that branch
of social science which mostly
deals with state,
government and power.
According to
MorrisGinsberg,"Historically
sociology has it's main rules in
politics and philosophy of
history."
\MORRIS GINSBERGS
``````````````````````````````
```````````````````````
 Political science deals with the political
activities of man. It deals with the principles
of organization and government of human
society.
Political science has its own topics such as
origin, evolution and functions of state, the forms
of Government, types of constitutions,
administration law, legislation, elections, voting,
political movements.
Political science is concerned with state.
There are some common topics of interest for
both sociologist and political scientists. Such as
war, mass movements, government control,
public opinion, propaganda, leadership, elections,
voting.

 Further many social problems are also deep

political problems (clashes of Muslims and
Christians, Hindus and Muslims, Asian and
Europeans.)
It is said that without the sociological
background the study of political
science will be incomplete. The forms of
government ,the nature of governmental
organs, the laws and sphereof thestate
activities are determined by the social
process.
Both the sciences are mutually helpful
since political activities is only a part of the
social activities.
 Relationship

Sociology is the fundamental social

science, which studies man's social life
as a whole and attempts to discover
the facts and the laws of life as a
whole.
Political science, on the other hand, is
concerned with the political life of a
man, which is one part of his total life.
 Sociology depends on political
Science
Sociology depends very much on political
science in every respect. The state and
governments make laws for the welfare
of the society; the government
removes social evils such as poverty,
unemployment, dowry and so on from
the society. The undesirable customs are
uprooted from the society by the
government.
 The government gives financial
assistance to people at the time of
natural calamities such as floods,
famine, cyclone and drought. Social
institutions and social organizations
are regulated by the state and
government.
Sociology studies various aspects of
political activities through the help of
political science. The government can
bring about changes in the society
with the help of laws.
 Political Science depends on
Sociology
In the same way, political science
depends upon sociology and sociology
provides material to political science that
is the political life of the people.
Therefore, some sociologists regard
political science as a special branch of
sociology, it can be said that without
sociological background the study of
political science is quite impossible.
 Political science deals with the social
group organized under the sovereignty of
the state. The forms of government, the
nature of governmental organs, the laws
and sphere of the state activity are
chiefly determined by the social
processes. The laws which are formed by
the government are based on the social
customs, traditions, mores, norms, etc. of
the society. Most of the changes
 which have been taken place in the
political theory, during the past times
have been possible due to sociology.
For understanding of political problems,
some knowledge about sociology is
very essential because all political
problems are mainly corrected with a
social aspect. In this connection F.H.
Gidding says "To teach the theory of
the state to men who have not learn
the first principle of sociology is like
teaching astronomy or
thermodynamics to men who have not
learnt Newton's laws of Motion".
 SOCIOLOGY AND POLITICAL
SCIENCE
Thus, both sociology and political
science depends upon each other. Both
are inter-related and inter-dependent.
Truly, it can be said that society is the
mirror of politics of the country.
According to G.E.G. Catlin, sociology
and political science are the two faces
of the same figure. In the opinion of EG.
Wilson "It must be admitted of course,
Niccole Machiavell,one of the
influential political theories
that it is often difficult to determine,
whether a particular writer should be
considered as sociologists or political
theorist or philosopher.
 SOCIOLOGYAND POLITICAL SCIENCE

Without sociological background, the

study of political science will be
incomplete.
But also sociology depend on political
science for its conclusion.
The special study of political life of
the society is very important for the
complete studyof the society as a
whole.
SOCIOLOGY& ECONOMICS
Sociology and Economics as social
sciences have close relations.
Relationship between the two is close
that one is often treated as the
branch of the other
In the word of Silverman, it may be
regarded for ordinary purposes as an
offshoot of the parent science.
Sociology, which studies the general
principles of all social relations.
 SOCIOLOGY& ECONOMICS
Dr. Alfred Marshall defines economics
as "On the one side the study of wealth,
and on the other and more important
side a part of the study of man".
Prof. Lionel Robbins defines
economics as the
science of human behaviour in its
relations with ends and scarce means,
which have attractive uses.
 It can also be understood as the
science of wealth in its three
stages namely-
Production,
Distribution and
Consumption.
Economics studies man as a wealth
getter and a wealth disposer.
Economics is primarily concerned with
the earning and spending of
wealth
SOCIOLOGY& ECONOMICS
. It studies inter-relations of purely
economic factors and forces. The
relations of price and supply, money
flows, input-output ratios and the like.
It studies the structure and
function of economic organizations
like banks, factories, markets, business
firms, corporations, transport etc.
Recently economists have shown more
interest in motivation behind man's
economic action.
SOCIOLOGY& ECONOMICS
Economics and Sociology are helpful to
each other. Economic relationship
bears a close relation to social
activities.
At the same time, social relationships
are also affected by economic
activities.
 SOCIOLOGY& ECONOMICS
Economic relationships affect social
relationships to a considerable extent. The
economic forces play a vital role in man's social
life as man's happiness depends upon
economics to a great extent.
In other words, they study the social aspect of
economic life. The sociologists study social
problems like crime, slavery, prostitution,
unemployment, beggary, poverty, population
growth, suicide, etc.
They never forget to take into account the
economic factors in order to find out the causes
and explanations of these said problems.
SOCIOLOGY& ECONOMICS

Sociology andeconomics are

helpful to each other.
Economics relationship are closely
related with social activities as
same as social relationship
arealso effected byeconomic
activity.
According to Karl Marx, the
infrastructure of society is nothing
but the economic relations
amongit's peopleare something.

The oldest turtle cion,dates
700 B.C
NOW THE AREA OF CO-OPERATION
BETWEEN SOCIOLOGY ANDECONOMICS IS
BECOMING WIDER.
ECONOMIST ARE NOW ANALYZING
THESOCIAL FACTORS INFLUENCING
ECONOMIC GROWTH. ECONOMIST ARE
NOWMOREAND MORE MAKING USE OF THE
SOCIOLOGICAL CONCEPT AND
GENERALIZATIONS IN THE STUDY OF
ECONOMICS PROBLEMS.
BESIDES THERE ARE CERTAIN SOCIAL
ECONOMIC PROBLEMS OF GREATER
IMPORTANCE TO BE STUDIED BY BOTH
ECONOMIST AND SOCIOLOGIST.
 The problem poverty, unemployment,
over population environmental
pollution, slum clearance, child and
family welfare growth, e.tc. have both
social and economic implications.
these are as much economic as
sociological which can not be solved
unless and until the social attitudes of
the people are given due
consideration.
DIFFERENCES BETWEEN SOCIOLOGY AND ECONOMICS

In spite of interdependence of these

sciences, they are quite distinct from
each other .The main differences
between them are given below.
Economics is concerned with
economic relation, which constitutes
only one aspect of man's social life. On
the other hand, it is sociology, which
studies man's social relations such as
legal, political, religious, and economic
and the like.
 DIFFERENCES BETWEEN SOCIOLOGY AND
ECONOMICS

The scope of economics is restricted by

the study of man's economic relations
and activity only.
On the other hand, sociology
comprehends the whole society within
its scope. Thus, the scope of sociology is
considered much wider than that of
economics.
DIFFERENCES BETWEEN SOCIOLOGY AND
ECONOMICS

Economists are mainly interested in

economic activities, which are considered to
be in dispensable for enhancing material
prosperity of the human beings. For this
purpose, they are concerned with the
methods and techniques of production,
distribution and consumption.
On the other hand, sociologists are not
interested at all in such mechanisms of
production and distribution. They are rather
more interested in the social aspect of
economic activities or life of the people.
 DIFFERENCES BETWEEN SOCIOLOGY AND
ECONOMICS

Economics is concerned with the individual's

economic activities and relations. But it is
sociology which aims at studying society as a
whole.
Economics is considered to be much older
than sociology. Although sociologists include
economics within the scope of sociology, it must
be admitted that sociology is comparatively a
new social science.
But it is economics which is regarded as a well
developed social science.
 DIFFERENCES BETWEEN SOCIOLOGY AND POLITICAL
SCIENCE

Sociology is the science of society

whereas political science is the
science of state and government.
Sociology studies all kinds of society
organized and unorganized while
political science studies politically
organized society.
 DIFFERENCES BETWEEN SOCIOLOGY
AND POLITICAL SCIENCE

The scope of sociology is found wider

than scope of political science.
Sociology studies man as
fundamentally a social animal
whereas political science studies man as
a political animal.
Sociology is the general science and is
relatively younger but political science
is special and is older than sociology.
 DIFFERENCES BETWEEN SOCIOLOGY
AND POLITICAL SCIENCE

The approach of sociology is different

then that of political science.
Despite the similarities and dissimilarities
between two discipline sociology and
political science, they have close
relationship. Politicalsociology thus
become popular in the modern period.
 Attempt any two of the
following 5X2=10marks
How would you define sociology?
Explain the Formalistic and synthetic
school of thoughts.
Discuss the nature of sociology?
Discuss the objection against to
sociology being called a science?
What relation does sociology bear to
Jurisprudence, Political Science and
Economics?
Thank
Thankyou
you