ELECTROSTATIC FOCUSSING

The electric field due to the positive potential at

the accelerating grid extends through the opening
the of the control grid right to the cathode surface.
The orientation of this field is such that besides
accelerating electrons down the tube. It also
brings all the electrons in the stream into a tiny
spot called the cross over. This is known as the
first electrostatic lens action.
The electrode voltages are so chosen or the
electric field is so varied that the second point
where all the electrons get focused is the screen of
the picture tube. Electrostatic focusing is preferred
over magnetic focusing because it is not affected
very much by changes in the line voltage.
 DEFLECTION YOKE
It may be noted that a perpendicular
displacement results because the magnetic field
due to each coil reacts with the magnetic field
of the electron beam to produce a force that
deflects the electrons at right angles to both the
beam axis and the deflection field.
Deflection Yoke

Akshay Jilowa G.P.C.G. Jalandhar

4
 BEAM DEFLECTION
As already stated the electron beam must attain a
very high velocity to deliver enough energy to the
atoms of the phosphor coating. Because of this
the electrons of the beam remain under the
influence of the deflecting field for a very short
time.
This necessitates application of high deflecting
fields to achieve the desired deflection. It is very
difficult to generate such high voltages at the
deflection frequencies. On the other hand with
magnetic deflection it is a large current that would
be necessary to achieve the same deflection.
 Picture Tube

The beam is deflected by a pair of

deflecting
coils mounted on the neck of the
picture tube in the same way and
rate as the beam scans the target in
the camera tube.
The amplitudes of the currents in
the horizontal and vertical
deflecting coils are so adjusted that
the entire screen, called raster, gets
illuminated because of the fast rate
Akshay Jilowa GPCG
Jalandhar
Punjab EDUSAT Society 6
 Scanning
The scene is scanned rapidly both in the horizontal
and vertical directions simultaneously to provide
sufficient number of complete pictures or frames per
second to give the illusion of continuous motion.
Scanning of the element is done at a very fast rate
and this process is repeated a large number of times
per second to create an illusion of simultaneously
pick up & transmission of picture detail Scanning
may be identified as a particular process which
permits the conversion of information existing in
space and time coordinates into time variations only.

The electrical information obtained from the TV

camera tube is generally referred to as video signal
Akshay Jilowa GPCG Punjab EDUSAT Society 7
Jalandhar
 Horizontal Scanning

Akshay Jilowa GPCG Punjab EDUSAT Society 8

Jalandhar
 Vertical Scanning

Akshay Jilowa GPCG Punjab EDUSAT Society 9

Jalandhar
 Horizontal and Vertical
Scanning

Akshay Jilowa GPCG Punjab EDUSAT Society 10

Jalandhar
 COLOUR TELEVISION
DISPLAY TUBES
The colour television picture tube
screen is coated with three different
phosphors, one for each of the chosen
red, green and blue primaries.
The three phosphors are physically
separate from one another and each is
energized by an electron beam of
intensity that is proportional to the
respective colour voltage reproduced
in the television receiver.
Akshay Jilowa G.P.C.G. Jalandhar
11
 COLOUR TELEVISION
DISPLAY TUBES
The object is to produce three
coincident rasters with produce the
red, green and blue contents of the
transmitted picture.
While seeing from a normal viewing
distance the eye integrates the three
colour information to convey the
sensation of the hue at each part of
the picture.
Akshay Jilowa G.P.C.G. Jalandhar
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 COLOUR TELEVISION
DISPLAY TUBES
Based on the gun configuration and the
manner in which phosphors are arranged
on the screen, three different types of
colour picture tubes have been
developed.
These are:-
1. Delta-gun
2. Guns-in-line or Precision-in-line (P-I-L)
3. Trintron Colour
Akshay Jilowa G.P.C.G. Jalandhar
13
 Delta-gun colour picture
tube

(a) guns viewed from the base (b) electron beams, shadow mask
Akshay Jilowa
G.P.C.G. and dot-triad phosphor screen (c) showing application of Y and
14
Jalandhar colour difference signals between the cathodes and control grids
DELTA-GUN COLOR PICTURE
TUBE
This tube was developed by Radio
Corporation on America (R.C.A). It employs
three separate guns on for each phosphor.
The guns are equally spaced at 120
degree interval with respect to each other
and tilted inwards in relation to the axis of
the tube. They form an equilateral
triangular configuration.
 Drawbacks of the Delta-
gun Tube
Convergence is difficult and involves
considerable circuit complexity and service
adjustments. In most delta-gun tubes, four
static convergence magnets and a
dynamic convergence assembly are
employed.
The focus cannot be sharp over the entire
screen because the focus and convergence
planes cannot remain coincident for the
three beams which emanate from guns
positioned at 120 with respect to each
other around the tube axis.
The electron transparency of the mask is
very low since it intercepts over 80 percent
of the beam currents.
Akshay Jilowa G.P.C.G. Jalandhar
16
 PRECISION-IN-LINE (P.I.L.) COLOUR
PICTURE TUBE

(a) in-line guns (b) electron beams, aperture grille and striped three
colour phosphor screen(c) mountings on neck and bowl of the tube.
Akshay Jilowa
G.P.C.G. Jalandhar 17
 PRECISION-IN-LINE COLOR
PICTURE TUBE
This tube as the name suggests has three guns
which are aligned precisely in a horizontal line. The
gun and mask structure of the P.I.L tube together
with yoke mounting. The inline gun configuration
helps in simplifying conversions adjustments. The
color phosphors are deposited on the screen in the
form of vertical strips in triads which are repeated
along the breadth of the tube. To obtain the same
color, finest as in a delta gun tube the horizontal
spacing between the strips of the same color in
adjacent traids is made equal to that between the
dots of the same color in the delta gun tube.
 Trintron (cathodes in-line) colour
picture tube

(a) gun structure(b) electron beams, vertical-striped three colour

Akshay Jilowa
phosphor screen
G.P.C.G. (c) constructional, focus and convergence details
Jalandhar
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THANKS
Akshay Jilowa G.P.C.G. Jalandhar
20