Addressing The Network

IPV4

Network Fundamental

Muhamad Anugrah Hadiyana

Version 4.0
Objectives
Explain the structure IP addressing and demonstrate the
ability to convert between 8-bit binary and decimal
numbers.
Given an IPv4 address, classify by type and describe
how it is used in the network.
Explain how addresses are assigned to networks by ISPs
and within networks by administrators.
Determine the network portion of the host address and
explain the role of the subnet mask in dividing networks.
Given IPv4 addressing information and design criteria,
calculate the appropriate addressing components.
Use common testing utilities to verify and test network
connectivity and operational status of the IP protocol
stack on a host.
IP Addressing Structure
Describe the dotted decimal structure of a
binary IP address and label its parts
IP Address Format: Dotted Decimal Notation

The binary-to-decimal and decimal-to-

binary conversion will be detailed later
in this course.
Reserved Address
Classify and Define IPv4
Addresses
Name the three types of addresses in the
network and describe the purpose of each
type
Classify and Define IPv4
Addresses
Determine the network, broadcast and
host addresses for a given address and
prefix combination
 IP Address Ranges

*127 (01111111) is a Class A address reserved for loopback testing and

cannot be assigned to a network.
Public IP Addresses
Private IP Addresses

Class Private Address Range

A 10.0.0.0 to 10.255.255.255

B 172.16.0.0 to 172.31.255.255

C 192.168.0.0 to 192.168.255
Classify and Define IPv4
Addresses
Identify the address ranges reserved for
these special purposes in the IPv4 protocol
Classify and Define IPv4
Addresses
Identify the historic method for assigning
addresses and the issues associated with
the method
Classify and Define IPv4
Addresses
Define public address and private address
Assigning Addresses
Explain how end user devices can obtain
addresses either statically through an
administrator or dynamically through
DHCP
Assigning Addresses
Explain which types of addresses should
be assigned to devices other than end
user devices
Testing the Network Layer
Describe the general purpose of the ping
command, trace the steps of its operation
in a network, and use the ping command
to determine if the IP protocol is
operational on a local host
What a Subnet Mask Does
Tells the router the number of bits to look at when
routing
Defines the number of bits that are significant
Used as a measuring tool, not to hide anything
Possible Subnets and Hosts for a Class C
Network
Possible Subnets and Hosts for a Class B
Network
Possible Subnets and Hosts for a Class A
Network
Default Subnet Masks
Example Class A address (decimal): 10.0.0.0
Example Class A address (binary): 00001010.00000000.00000000.00000000
Default Class A mask (binary): 11111111.00000000.00000000.00000000
Default Class A mask (decimal): 255.0.0.0
Default classful prefix length: /8

Example Class B address (decimal): 172.16.0.0

Example Class B address (binary): 10010001.10101000.00000000.00000000
Default Class B mask (binary): 11111111.11111111.00000000.00000000
Default Class B mask (decimal): 255.255.0.0
Default classful prefix length: /16

Example Class C address (decimal): 192.168.42.0

Example Class C address (binary): 11000000.10101000.00101010.00000000
Default Class C mask (binary): 11111111.11111111.11111111.00000000
Default Class C mask (decimal): 255.255.255.0
Default classful prefix length: /24
Eight Easy Steps for Determining Subnet
Addresses
Eight Easy Steps for Determining Subnet
Addresses (Cont.)
Example: Applying a Subnet Mask
for a
Class C Address
Example: Applying a Subnet Mask
for a
Class B Address
Example: Applying a Subnet Mask
for a
Class A Address
 CIDR dan VLSM
VLSM mirip dengan CIDR
Keduanya sama-sama membagi jaringan besar menjadi jaringan-jaringan yang
lebih
kecil.
Tujuan VLSM: menggunakan blok alamat yang ada se-efisien mungkin
Tujuan CIDR: membuat routing table lebih efisien dengan subnet yang sudah
ada.

VLSM:
Pembagian jaringan ini pada alamat yang sudah digunakan pada suatu organisasi
dan tidak terlihat di Internet

CIDR:
CIDR dapat mengalokasikan suatu alamat yang sudah disediakan oleh Internet
kepada ISP high-level ke ISP mid-level sampai lower-level dan akhirnya ke jaringan
suatu organisasi.

Dari perbedaan CIDR dan VLSM tersebut diatas terlihat jelas bahwa CIDR dan
VLSM memiliki fungsi yang sama. Hanya saja penggunaannya yang berbeda.
 Bagaimana CIDR bekerja
CIDR (Classless Inter-Domain Routing )

CIDR menentukan rentang alamat IP menggunakan kombinasi alamat IP dan mask jaringan yang terkait.

CIDR notasi menggunakan format berikut:

xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx/n

Dimana n adalah jumlah bit (paling kiri) 1 di masker.

Sebagai contoh :192.168.12.0/23

Network Address : 192.168.12.0

Subnet Mask : 255.255.254.0

Notasi ini merupakan kisaran alamat 192.168.12.0 - 192.168.13.255.

Dibandingkan dengan network class traditional base, 192.168.12.0/23 merupakan agregasi dari C dua kelas

subnet 192.168.12.0 dan 192.168.13.0 masing-masing memiliki subnet mask 255.255.255.0.

Dengan kata lain,192.168.12.0/23 =192.168.12.0/24 + 192.168.13.0/24

VLSM (Variable Length Subnet Mask)

VLSM the process of

sub-netting a subnet to fit
your needs
-Example:
Subnet 10.1.0.0/16, 8
more bits are borrowed
again, to create 256
subnets with a /24 mask.
-Mask allows for 254 host
addresses per subnet
-Subnets range from:
10.1.0.0 / 24 to
10.1.255.0 / 24
VLSM

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Referensi :

http://ceritasatubintang.blogspot.com/2012/03/cidr-dan-vlsm.
html
Cisco training material
THANK YOU