ODS & Modal Case

Histories
Barry T. Cease
Cease Industrial Consulting
February 20th, 2009

1
ODS & MODAL CASE HISTORIES

BARRY T. CEASE, CEASE INDUSTRIAL CONSULTING

FEBRUARY 20TH, 2009

INTRODUCTION
What is ODS analysis and why do we need it?
What is Modal analysis and why do we need it?
When should either technique be used?
Example of how to collect ODS & Modal data (test unit)

CASE HISTORY#1 ACCEPTANCE TESTING OF AHU FAN

Equipment & problem description
Route data, coastdown data & determination of offending frequencies
Modal analysis of fan, motor & base
Conclusions & recommendations

CASE HISTORY#2 ACCEPTANCE TESTING OF WATER PUMP

Equipment & problem description
Route data results versus standards & determination of offending frequencies
ODS analysis of pump, step 1 (baseline)
ODS analysis of pump, step 2
ODS analysis of pump, step 3
Conclusions & recommendations

QUESTIONS & CREDITS

Modal Testing, Robert J. Sayer, PE, Vibration Institute 31 st Annual Meeting, June 19th, 2007
Applied Modal & ODS Analysis, James E. Berry, PE, 2004
Machinery Vibration Analysis 3, Volume 2, Vibration Institute, 1995
Mechanical Vibrations, 2nd Edition, Singiresu S. Rao, 1990

2
What Is ODS?
ODS stands for operating deflection shape.
ODS analysis generates a computer model of your machinery that
depicts its motion while running at operating speed & load. You
literally see how your machine is moving as it operates. This
modeling can be extremely useful to illuminate an otherwise elusive
solution to machinery vibration problems.
First, a CAD model of the machine or mechanical system is created
(structure file).
Second, detailed & meticulous vibration measurements are made on
the machine typically during normal operation. These measurements
consist of both the amplitude & phase of vibration at one or multiple
frequencies of interest all referenced to a common point.
Finally, these field measurements are imposed on the model to
generate visible animations of the model/machine at the distinct
vibration frequencies of interest (typically the offending frequencies).

3
What Is Modal Analysis?
Modal analysis identifies the frequencies & shapes your machine likes
to vibrate at (natural frequencies) and compares these to the normal
forces present on the machine to see if a match exists that produces
an undesirable resonant condition.
If a resonant condition is identified, common solutions involve the
following: force reduction (ie: reducing the vibration forces present
in the machine), tuning of the mechanical system (ie: adding or
reducing mass or stiffness to the system at the right spots), or force
movement (ie: changing the machine speed as possible to avoid
the condition).
The actual process of modal analysis is similar to that of ODS analysis
except measurements are made while the machine is not running
typically using a force hammer and one or more sensors. The hammer
provides the input (force) and the sensor(s) measure the response
(motion) at multiple points on the machine.
These modal measurements are then processed thru a technique
known as curve-fitting and then like ODS measurements, imposed on
the model to produce animations that are analyzed.

4
 Vibration Spectra .vs. Modal Data

PLOT 1: Vibration data measured during normal operation. Dominant vibration at 1,789 cpm or 1x RPM of
machine (offending frequency).

PLOT 2: Modal data measured while machine down. Note the strong response at 1,837 cpm which is near 1x RPM.
5
 When Should ODS or Modal Analysis Be
Used?
When standard vibration analysis techniques have failed to determine
the exact problem.
When resonance is suspected.
An ODS or Modal job begins best with a determination of the
offending frequencies of vibration usually made using standard,
route vibration spectra.

6
 Example: Collecting ODS Data From
CMS Test Rotor Kit
Machine operating.
Determine reference point (typically use route data point with strong
vibration at all offending frequencies).
First roving point collected at reference point (ie: 1Y:1Y).
Continue collecting other points all along machine at predetermined
points.
Both the total number of points collected as well as the point locations
are key to how accurate the model animation will represent reality (ie:
spatial aliasing).

7
 Example: Collecting Modal Data From
CMS Test Rotor Kit
Machine not operating.
Determine reference (driving) point. Like ODS analysis above, we
want to use a point with strong vibration at all offending frequencies,
but for modal analysis, we must be even more picky by applying the
impact & measuring the response at many points until good
representation of all offending frequencies is found (driving point).
First roving point collected at driving point (ie: 1Y:1Y).
Usually, we rove around with the sensor(s) and apply impact at the
driving point, but this isnt necessary. We could also rove around with
the hammer with similar results although getting a good impact at all
points is typically difficult.
Continue collecting other points all along machine at predetermined
points.
Like ODS analysis, both the total number of points collected as well as
the point locations are key to how accurate the model animation will
represent reality (ie: spatial aliasing).

8
Case History#1: Acceptance Testing Of AHU
Fan

Equipment & Problem Description

Newly installed AHU Fan

operating at medical facility.
Vibration acceptance testing
required for all rotating 2-ea Wall 4-ea Floor
equipment at facility. Isolators Isolators

Fan OEM contacted for vibration

specifications - maximum
acceptable vibration at 0.35 ips-
pk.
Isolated, center-hung, centrifugal
fan driven thru v-belts by a 4- Fan
pole induction motor operating Motor
on a variable speed drive.
Entire machine supported by 4-ea
spring isolators mounted on floor
arranged per diagram at right.
Two spring isolators are also
mounted between the fan frame
and wall to counter fan thrust.

9
 INITIAL DATA & FINDINGS, PART 1
Initial vibration data was collected on Vibration @ Maximum Fan Speed OEM
both fan & motor at 100% speed and 100% Vibration @ Max Vibration
Measurement Point Speed Level Vibration Spec
overall levels were compared to OEM
specifications. Motor, Outboard,
Horizontal 1.289 n/a n/a 0.35
Because this machine operated on a
variable speed drive with normal Motor, Outboard -
operation anywhere between 50 and Vertical 1.475 n/a n/a 0.35

100% full speed, coastdown data was Motor, Inboard -

collected between this speed range. Horizontal 0.955 n/a n/a 0.35
Unfortunately, this machine failed to Motor, Inboard -
stay within OEM specs both at 100% Vertical 1.027 n/a n/a 0.35
speed and at many points between 50 &
Motor, Inboard -
100% speed. Axial 1.205 n/a n/a 0.35
Maximum vibration levels occurred not Fan, Inboard -
at 100% speed, but at lower speeds Horizontal 1.929 3.11 1,903 0.35
suggesting possible resonance problems. Fan, Inboard -
Offending speeds/frequencies were Vertical 0.605 0.45 1,495 0.35

identified from coastdown data at Fan, Inboard - Axial 0.257 n/a n/a 0.35
approximately 1,500, 1,800 & 1,900
cpm. Fan, Outboard -
Horizontal 0.797 2.60 1,492 0.35
Field observations noted the entire
machine visibly jumped when the Fan, Outboard -
Vertical 0.672 0.65 1,805 0.35
machine speed was set to 90-95% and
motion at the motor outboard isolator Fan, Outboard -
seemed worst. Axial 0.258 n/a n/a 0.35

10
 INITIAL DATA & FINDINGS, PART 2

AHU SF1.3 MOTOR & FAN, OVERALL VIBRATION AT FULL SPEED

2.5
O V E R A L L V IB R A T IO N (IP S -P K )

1.5

0.5

0
MOH MOV MIH MIV MIA FIH FIV FIA FOH FOV FOA
MEASUREMENT POINT

Plot of overall vibration levels at all measurement points at full speed.

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 SPECTRAL DATA AT FULL SPEED
SF-1.3
Cursor A: 1987.5 CPM 1.821 in/s
O/All 1.938 in/s 0-pk

1.4

Motor, Outboard
Horizontal
Vel Spec 60000 CPM
12/27/2007 4:33:35 PM

O/All 1.276 in/s 0-pk

0 <set RPM>

1.4

Motor, Outboard
Vertical
Vel Spec 60000 CPM
12/27/2007 4:34:40 PM

O/All 1.363 in/s 0-pk

0 <set RPM>

1.4

Fan, Inboard
Horizontal
Vel Spec 60000 CPM
12/27/2007 4:42:59 PM

O/All 1.938 in/s 0-pk

0 <set RPM>
2
1.8
1.6
1.4
1.2
in/s 0-pk

Fan, Outboard
1 Horizontal
0.8 Vel Spec 60000 CPM
0.6 12/27/2007 4:45:23 PM
0.4
0.2 O/All 0.772 in/s 0-pk
0 <set RPM>
0 2,000 4,000 6,000 8,000 10,000 12,000 14,000 16,000 18,000 20,000 22,000 24,000 26,000 28,000 30,000
CPM

Spectral data from points of high vibration at full speed (MOH, MOV, FIH & FOH). Dominant
vibration in all spectra occurs at top fan speed of 1,987 cpm or 33.1 Hz.

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 FAN COASTDOWN DATA, BODE PLOTS
Bode Plot - 1X - SF-1.3 - Fan, Inboard - Horizontal Bode Plot - 1X - SF-1.3 - Fan, Outboard - Horizontal
Vel Freq 30000 CPM [Tach] Vel Freq 30000 CPM [Tach]
3.108 in/s 0-pk, 55.506 deg @ 1903.091 CPM (1903 RPM) 100 2.6 in/s 0-pk, 31.233 deg @ 1496.278 CPM (1492 RPM)

80
80

60
60

40
40

20 20
deg

deg
0 0

-20 -20

-40 -40

-60 -60

800 1,000 1,200 1,400 1,600 1,800 2,000 800 1,000 1,200 1,400 1,600 1,800 2,000
CPM CPM

2.6
3
2.4

2.2
2.5
2

1.8
2
1.6

1.4
in/s 0-pk

in/s 0-pk
1.5
1.2

1
0.8

0.6

0.5 0.4

0.2

0 0
800 1,000 1,200 1,400 1,600 1,800 2,000 800 1,000 1,200 1,400 1,600 1,800 2,000
CPM CPM
Vel Freq 30000 CPM [Tach] Vel Freq 30000 CPM [Tach]

PLOT 14: Coastdown data at fan, inboard, horizontal PLOT 15: Coastdown data at fan, outboard, horizontal
(FIH) position in Bode format shows suspected natural (FOH) position in Bode format shows suspected natural
frequency at approximately 1,900 cpm (31.667 Hz). The frequency at approximately 1,500 cpm (25 Hz). The
highest vibration level on the fan was measured at this highest vibration level measured at this point occurred at
point at 1,903 rpm at 3.11 ips-pk!! 1,495 rpm at 2.60 ips-pk!!

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 INTERFERENCE DATA (MOTOR & FAN
SPEEDS)

% Full Speed Fan RPM 1x Fan 2x Fan 1x Motor 2x Motor fn1 fn2 fn3

25 500 500 999 446 892 1,500 1,800 1,900

30 599 599 1,199 535 1,070 1,500 1,800 1,900

35 699 699 1,399 624 1,249 1,500 1,800 1,900

40 799 799 1,598 714 1,427 1,500 1,800 1,900

45 899 899 1,798 803 1,606 1,500 1,800 1,900

50 999 999 1,998 892 1,784 1,500 1,800 1,900

55 1,099 1,099 2,198 981 1,962 1,500 1,800 1,900

60 1,199 1,199 2,398 1,070 2,141 1,500 1,800 1,900

65 1,299 1,299 2,597 1,160 2,319 1,500 1,800 1,900

70 1,399 1,399 2,797 1,249 2,498 1,500 1,800 1,900

75 1,499 1,499 2,997 1,338 2,676 1,500 1,800 1,900

80 1,598 1,598 3,197 1,427 2,854 1,500 1,800 1,900

85 1,698 1,698 3,397 1,516 3,033 1,500 1,800 1,900

90 1,798 1,798 3,596 1,606 3,211 1,500 1,800 1,900

95 1,898 1,898 3,796 1,695 3,390 1,500 1,800 1,900

100 1,998 1,998 3,996 1,784 3,568 1,500 1,800 1,900

Interference data table. Forcing frequencies .vs. suspected natural frequencies.

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 INTERFERENCE DIAGRAM

Interference diagram of fan & motor speeds .vs. suspected natural frequencies at 1,500, 1,800 & 1,900 cpm.
Potential interference occurs at approximately 750, 850, 900, 950, 1000, 1075, 1,500, 1675, 1,800, 1,900 & 2,000 rpm.
15
 MODAL ANALYSIS OF AHU FAN

A Simple CAD model of the

fan, motor & base was created
and modal data collected.
This modal data was imposed
on the model appropriately to
identify the natural
frequencies of the mechanical
system.
The known offending
frequencies were compared
with natural frequencies found
to identify a match that would
result in resonance condition.
Two natural frequencies
(modes) were identified which
most likely are being excited
by the fan speeds as: 26.1 &
31.1 Hz or 1,566 & 1,866 cpm.
Both these modes involve
distortion of the machine base
near the motor. Simple CAD Model of AHU fan.

16
 MODAL ANALYSIS 26.1 Hz Mode

Modal animation at 26.1 Hz of AHU fan & motor Modal animation at 26.1 Hz of AHU fan & motor
inboard. Note distortion of machine frame near outboard. Note distortion of machine frame near
motor. motor.

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 MODAL ANALYSIS 31.1 Hz Mode

Modal animation at 31.1 Hz of AHU fan & motor Modal animation at 31.1 Hz of AHU fan & motor
inboard. Note distortion of machine frame near motor. outboard. Note distortion of machine frame near motor.

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CONCLUSIONS & RECOMMENDATIONS, AHU
FAN
1) This fan failed OEM vibration specifications due primarily to resonances
identified in the machine frame at 26.1 & 31.1 Hz.
2) Unbalance may exist in the fan, but its contribution is minor by comparison
to the resonances identified. If balancing is done to reduce forces, perform
at 1,200 rpm fan speed or lower to avoid resonances and associated
balance difficulties.
3) The isolator near the motor outboard may be loose with the floor. Please
inspect & repair as needed.
4) Resolving the resonance issues will likely involve either adding an additional
pair of isolators between the fan & motor or stiffening the machine frame
near the motor or both.
5) Stiffening the machine frame might be accomplished by welding either X
bracing inside the base near the motor or welding plate onto the machine
frame for the motor base to rest on.
6) A slightly larger AHU fan of similar design with six isolators instead of four
was also tested as part of this job this six isolator fan passed acceptance
testing at all speeds.
7) These conclusions were presented to the customer along with
documentation. Months later I checked with plant personnel who informed
me my customer had opted to balance the fan with disappointing results.

19
 CASE HISTORY#2 - ACCEPTANCE TESTING
OF HIGH PRESSURE WATER PUMP

Equipment & Problem Description

Newly installed critical high
pressure water pump at plant.
Plant vibration specs called for
maximum vibration levels of
0.10 ips-pk.
At first glance, many problems
were seen with the design &
layout of the pump & piping.
What follows are vibration
spectral & ods data at
progressive stages of our
attempt to bring this pump into
plant specs.
Initial state of newly installed water pump. What
is wrong with this design & layout?

20
 BASELINE OVERALL LEVELS 9/16/08

Plant vibration specs called for overall levels no greater than 0.10 ips-pk.
Both the motor & pump failed specs during baseline measurements taken on
9/16.
Highest levels were seen at pump with much higher than expected thrust levels.
Movement could be felt at the floor while collecting data.

21
 BASELINE SPECTRA 9/16/08

Pump spectra from 9/16/08 shows dominant vibration at the vane-pass frequency (4x rpm) of the pump.
A higher than normal vibration level at this frequency generally indicates flow problems of some sort
with the pump. From the photo earlier, what did you see that could be causing flow problems at this
pump?
Horizontal measurement shows high 1x & 2x rpm vibration as well as vane-pass.
Thus, our offending vibration frequencies are primarily 1x, 2x & 4x rpm for this machine on 9/16/08
(baseline).

22
BASELINE ODS 9/18/08 MOTION @ 1xRPM
(3,590 cpm)

Pump maximum vibration

at this frequency occurred
at the pump, inboard,
horizontal measurement
(PIH) at 0.05 ips-pk.
Note 180 degree radial
motion across the coupling
at this key frequency.
Shaft alignment & soft foot
are suspect.
Note movement of both
machine pedestal &
surrounding floor
suggesting significant
problems with this machine
foundation.

23
BASELINE ODS 9/18/08 MOTION @ 2xRPM
(7,180 cpm)

Pump maximum vibration at

this frequency occurred at
the pump, inboard,
horizontal measurement
(PIH) at 0.08 ips-pk.
Note vertical movement of
entire pedestal &
surrounding floor at this
frequency (120 Hz) again
suggesting significant
problems exist with this
machine foundation.

24
BASELINE ODS 9/18/08 MOTION @ 4xRPM
(14,400 cpm)

Pump maximum vibration

at this frequency occurred
at the pump, inboard,
vertical measurement (PIV)
at 0.24 ips-pk.
Note thrusting of both
pump suction area and
entire pump rotor. I
suspect this is due in part
to turbulence at the pump
suction from elbow entry.
Note continued pedestal &
foundation movement.
Note little movement at
motor.

25
BASELINE ODS 9/18/08 MOTION @ 8xRPM
(28,800 cpm)

Pump maximum vibration

at this frequency occurred
at the pump, inboard, axial
measurement (PIA) at 0.04
ips-pk.
Note continued thrusting of
pump & pump suction at
this frequency.
Note relatively little motion
of the motor or pedestal at
this frequency.

26
 CONCLUSIONS & RECOMMENDATIONS,
9/18/08 CONFIGURATION

1) The suction piping entering the pump requires modification to allow

for a minimum of 5 pipe diameters of straight length before entering
the pump (10 diameters length preferred). The presence of the elbow
at the pump suction is no doubt causing excessive turbulence in the
fluid flow as it enters the pump which in turn is exciting the pump
vanepass frequency.
2) The shaft alignment is questionable due to the 180 degree radial
motion across the coupling. Please recheck shaft alignment & soft foot
and correct as necessary to plant specs.
3) The machine pedestal & surrounding floor appear loose from the
ground. Movement of the pedestal & floor were clearly seen in ODS at
both 1x & 4x rpm.
4) Both motor & pump were hot to touch and low air flow was noted
at the motor. Uncertainty exists as to the existing & proper lube for
pump. Install larger fan at motor endbell & change oil to OEM specs.

27
 PUMP & PIPING CONFIGURATION 10/2/08

1) The suction piping was modified

per 9/18/08 suggestions.
2) The alignment was checked &
reportedly corrected to plant
specs. Soft feet were
reportedly identified and
corrected.
3) A new pump rotor was installed
with an impeller reportedly
balanced to plant specs.
4) A recirculation line was added.
5) A larger motor fan was added.
6) The pump oil was changed to
an ISO 68 weight per OEM
specs.

28
 OVERALL LEVELS, 10/2/08

Unfortunately, both motor & pump vibration levels actually increased with
the 10/2/08 modifications.
Motor vertical measurements were the only ones that decreased.
Both motor & pump remained out of plant vibration specs.

29
 SPECTRAL DATA 10/2/08

High vibration at 1x, 2x & 4x rpm (vane-pass) remained in all pump spectra.
New appearance of vibration at 3x rpm with 10/2/08 modifications not seen
in baseline data.
Highest vibration levels remain at 4x rpm (vane-pass).

30
ODS 10/2/08 MOTION @ 1xRPM (3,590
cpm)

Pump maximum vibration at

this frequency occurred at
the pump, inboard, axial
measurement (PIA) at 0.12
ips-pk.
Note the excessive horizontal
movement of the newly
modified pump suction piping
at this key frequency.
Notice how much more the
piping is moving when
compared to motion at either
the pump or motor.
Could the solution to the bad
actor at your plant be found
at the piping or ducting?

31
ODS 10/2/08 MOTION @ 2xRPM (7,180
cpm)

Pump maximum vibration at

this frequency occurred at
the pump, inboard, axial
measurement (PIA) at 0.08
ips-pk.
As in the earlier ODS at 1x
rpm, note how piping motion
is much greater than that
seen at either the pump or
motor.
Note the near perfect 2nd
mode motion (sinusoidal) of
the horizontal run of
discharge piping.
Note the excessive vibration
of both the vertical run of
discharge piping as well as
the newly installed
recirculation line (1st mode).
Note how total motion of the
discharge piping seems to
pull the pump in the axial
or thrust direction.

32
ODS 10/2/08 MOTION @ 3xRPM (10,800
cpm)

Pump maximum vibration at

this frequency occurred at the
pump, inboard, horizontal
measurement (PIH) at 0.16 ips-
pk.
Again, notice how the piping
motion dwarfs that seen at
either pump or motor.
Note how excessive motion of
the recirculation line (1 st Mode)
is pulling the pump.
Note how excessive motion of
the suction line is also pulling
the pump.
Note the excessive motion in
the short section of discharge
piping between the recirculation
line & pump discharge.

33
ODS 10/2/08 MOTION @ 4xRPM (14,400
cpm)

Pump maximum vibration at

this frequency occurred at the
pump, inboard, horizontal
measurement (PIH) at 0.36 ips-
pk.
Again, notice how much more
the piping is moving (vibrating)
compared to either the pump
or motor.
Note how motion of the
recirculation line at this key
frequency is by far the most
and resembles a possible 2nd
mode.
Note how motion at the suction
piping remains high as well.

34
ODS 10/2/08 MOTION @ 8xRPM (28,800
cpm)

Pump maximum vibration at

this frequency occurred at the
pump, inboard, axial
measurement (PIA) at 0.05
ips-pk.
Again, notice how motion of
the piping dwarfs that seen at
either motor or pump.
Note the excessive motion of
the discharge piping here.
Note how motion at the
recirculation line is relatively
small when compared to
earlier frequencies.

35
 INSPECTION RESULTS 10/2/08

A close inspection of the

piping found a broken
discharge pipe hanger just
above the horizontal pipe run
in the ceiling.
It was unknown how long this
hanger had been broken, but
its absence no doubt added
flexibility to the discharge
piping run.

36
 CONCLUSIONS & RECOMMENDATIONS,
10/02/08 CONFIGURATION

1) Remove the recirculation line if possible. The addition of the new

recirculation line has had a negative effect on machine vibration levels due to
multiple suspected resonances occurring there.
2) Like the recirculation line above, motion of the discharge piping at multiple
frequencies is having a negative effect on machine vibration. Add additional
support to the discharge piping at the points where high motion is
observed in the ODS animations. If possible, try adding support from at
least two additional points.
3) Repair or replace the broken discharge hanger found at the ceiling.
4) Provide additional support (if possible) under the suction piping as
excessive motion continues here.
5) No soft foot records were identified from the alignment job performed
since 9/16/08 on this machine. Please perform another soft foot and alignment
check on this machine, make corrections as necessary and document results.

37
 PUMP & PIPING CONFIGURATION 10/16/08

1) A new, larger standpipe was added

under the suction piping for better
support.
2) A new support was added to the
discharge piping at the nearby wall.
3) A new stiffening connection was
added between the discharge &
suction piping above the
recirculation line.
4) The recirculation line was not
removed.
5) The broken discharge hanger was
not repaired or replaced.
6) Pump soft foot corrections were
made and documented. Machine
alignment is documented to plant
specs.

38
 OVERALL LEVELS, 10/16/08

Both motor & pump overall vibration levels dropped significantly with the 10/16/08
modifications.
Motor overall vibration levels are now below plant spec at every measurement point.
Pump overall vibration levels are much better, but remain out of plant specs with
highest levels being seen at the pump horizontal measurement.

39
 SPECTRAL DATA 10/16/08

Significantly reduced vibration levels at all offending frequencies is seen in all pump
spectra.
Remaining vibration still occurring at 1x, 2x, 3x & 4x rpm (offending frequencies).
Vibration at 4x rpm (vane-pass), although reduced, remains the dominant vibration
frequency in most measurements.
Vibration at 3x rpm, although reduced, is the highest single source of vibration in all
three pump measurements.

40
ODS 10/16/08 MOTION @ 1xRPM (3,590
cpm)

Pump maximum vibration at this

frequency occurred at the pump,
inboard, axial measurement
(PIA) at 0.12 ips-pk.
Notice how motion of the piping
is much greater than that
observed at either the pump or
motor.
Note how now both the
discharge & suction piping are
flexing in the axial (thrust) plane
and are pulling the pump with
them.
Notice how the motor is virtually
still at this key frequency any
alignment or coupling problems
are now unlikely here.
Both the addition of the new
stiffening connection between
suction & discharge as well as
the continued existence of the
recirculation line appear to have
negative effects on machine
vibration (transmission path).

41
ODS 10/16/08 MOTION @ 2xRPM (7,180
cpm)

Pump maximum vibration at

this frequency occurred at the
pump, inboard, horizontal
measurement (PIH) at 0.05 ips-
pk.
The newly installed discharge
piping support at the wall was
found both loose from the wall
and the piping.
This looseness is at least partly
to blame for the excessive
motion of the discharge piping
seen at or near the location of
this new support.
Both the newly installed
stiffening connection between
discharge & suction piping as
well as the recirculation line
must be eliminated to reduce
machine vibration levels.

42
ODS 10/16/08 MOTION @ 3xRPM (10,800
cpm)

Pump maximum vibration at this

frequency occurred at the pump,
inboard, horizontal
measurement (PIH) at 0.14 ips-
pk.
Note the excessive horizontal
motion of the discharge piping at
this frequency with maximum
deflection occurring somewhere
between the recirculation line &
discharge valve.
The recirculation line should be
removed.
Horizontal bracing of the
discharge line somewhere
between the recirculation line &
discharge valve may be
necessary to eliminate this
vibration. Only consider this
modification after the glaring
problems mentioned earlier are
corrected and high vibration
levels persist.

43
ODS 10/16/08 MOTION @ 4xRPM (14,400
cpm)

Pump maximum vibration at

this frequency occurred at
the pump, inboard,
horizontal measurement
(PIH) at 0.12 ips-pk.
Both the recirculation line as
well as the newly installed
stiffening connection
continue their negative
effects on machine vibration
levels.
Again, notice how little both
the motor & pump are
moving when compared to
the piping.

44
ODS 10/16/08 MOTION @ 8xRPM (28,800
cpm)

Pump maximum vibration at

this frequency occurred at the
pump, inboard, axial
measurement (PIA) at 0.02 ips-
pk.
From the earlier spectral plots,
vibration at this frequency is
small when compared to the
others.
Machine vibration levels at this
frequency could be reduced by
removing the stiffening
connection between
discharge & suction lines.
The suction pipe stand is
vibrating excessively at this
frequency in the horizontal
direction.

45
 CONCLUSIONS & RECOMMENDATIONS,
10/16/08 CONFIGURATION

1) Remove the recirculation line & stiffening connection. Excessive motion

(vibration) was seen at both the recirculation line & newly installed stiffening
connection at many frequencies. Remove these two piping components to
reduce machine vibration levels.
2) Tighten up the newly installed support between the discharge piping
and wall.
3) Repair the broken discharge hanger located in the ceiling.

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 QUESTIONS & CREDITS

1) Modal Testing, Robert J. Sayer, PE, Vibration Institute 31st Annual

Meeting, June 19th, 2007
2) Applied Modal & ODS Analysis, James E. Berry, PE, 2004
3) Machinery Vibration Analysis 3, Volume 2, Vibration Institute, 1995
4) Mechanical Vibrations, 2nd Edition, Singiresu S. Rao, 1990

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