INSTITUTO DE LA VISION

07 marzo 2011
Dr. Fily Martinez D.
RETIN A:
 Retina:develops as part ofthe brain
1. (outer layer) Fibrous: dense connective tissue
Sclera white of the eye
Remember
the 3 layers of Cornea
the external 2. (middle layer) Vascular: uvea
eye? Choroid posterior, pigmented
Ciliary body
Iris
3. (inner layer) Sensory
Retina and optic nerve

Retina is 2 layers
Outer thin pigmented layer:
Melanocytes (prevent light scattering)
Inner thicker neural layer
Plays a direct role in vision
Three type of neurons: 1. Photoreceptors
2. Bipolor cells
3. Ganglion cells 3
Light passes through pupil in iris, through
vitreous humor, through axons, ganglion cells
and bipolar cells, to photoreceptors next to
pigmented layer
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Photoreceptor neurons signal bipolar cells, which
signal ganglion cells to generate (or not) action
potentials: axons run on internal surface to optic
nerve which runs to brain
*Know that axons from the retina form the optic nerve, CN II
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 Photoreceptors:2 types

Rod cells
More sensitive to light - vision permitted
in dim light but only gray and fuzzy
Only black and white and not sharp
Cone cells
High acuity in bright light
Color vision
3 sub-types: blue, red and green light
cones
*Know that rods are for B & W and cones are for color
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If you want
more detail, its
fascinating

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R etina through
ophthalm oscop
e
Macula: at
posterior pole
Fovea:
maximal
visual acuity
(most
concentrated
cones)
Optic disc:
optic nerve
exits
Vessels 8
Green is area seen by both eyes, and is
the area of stereoscopic vision
Visual pathways
At optic chiasm, medial fibers from each eye
(which view lateral fields of vision) cross to
opposite side. Optic tracts (of crossed and
uncrossed, sensing opposite side of visual field of
both eyes) synapse with neurons in lateral
geniculate of thalamus. These axons form the
optic radiation and terminate in the primary visual
cortex in the occipital lobe. Left half of visual field
perceived by right cerebral cortex, and vice versa.

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TIPO S CELU LARES:

CEL. FOTORRECEPTORAS: CONOS Y

BASTONES.
CEL. HORIZONTALES.
CEL. BIPOLARES.
CEL. AMACRINAS.
CEL. INTERPLEXIFORMES.
CEL. GANGLIONARES.
CAPAS D E LA RETIN A:
1. EPR: CELULAS PIGMENTADAS.
2. CAPA DE FOTORRECEPTORES: CONOS Y BASTONES.
3. MLE: UNION INTERCEL. ENTRE CEL. FR Y CEL. DE
MLLER.
4. CAPA NUC. EXT: FORMADA POR LOS NUCLEOS
CELULARES DE LAS CEL. FOTORRECEPTORAS.
5. CAPA PLEXIFORME EXT: CONEXIN SINAPTICA DE
CEL. FR, BIP Y HORIZ.
6. CAPA NUC. INTER: FORMADA POR NUC. DE LAS CEL.
BIP, HORIZ. Y AMACRINAS.
7. CAPA PLEX. INTER: CONEXIN SINAPTICA ENTRE CEL.
BIP, AMACRINAS Y GANGLIONARES.
8. CAPA DE CEL. GANGLIONARES.
9. CAPA DE FIBRAS NERVIOSAS.
10. MLI: LAMINA BASAL QUE SEPARA LAS CEL. DE
R ETIN A :
EP R
ES UNA MONOCAPA DE CELULAS
QUE CONTIENEN MELANOSOMAS.
TEJIDO VITAL PARA EL
MANTENIMIENTO DE LA FUNCION
FOTORRECEPTORA.
UNO DE LOS TEJIDOS CON
MAYOR ACTIVIDAD METABOLICA.
FU N C IO N ES D EL EP R :

REGULACION DE LA TEMPERATURA

MANTENIMIENTO DE LA BARRERA
HEMATORRETINIANA EXTERNA
ADHESION RETINIANA

ABSORCION DE LA LUZ
FU N CIO N ES D EL EPR:

FAGOCITOSIS DE LOS SEGMENTOS

DESPRENDIDOS DE LOS
FOTORRECEPTORES

APORTE DE O2 Y NUTRIENTES A
FOTORRECEPTORES

TRANSP. ACTIVO DE MAT. DENTRO

Y FUERA
 RETIN A:ELEM EN TO S VASCU LARES

CIRCULACION COROIDEA RETINA EXT.

ART. RETINIANA CENTRAL RETINA INT.

CIRCULAC. MACULAR ART. CILIORETINAL

VASOS SANGUINEOS RETINIANOS MANTIEN

LA BARRERA HEMATORRETINIANA INTERNA
Thank you. Retina
Service.