Blade cooling

techniques
Presented by:
Deshraj Meena(140003013)
Himanshu Bhagat(140003017)
Nitin Goyal(140003025)
Gas Turbine
WHAT IS A GAS TURBINE
A gas turbine is a combustion engine that can
convert natural gas or other liquid fuels to mechanical
energy.
This energy then drives a generator that produces
electrical energy. It is electrical energy that moves along
power lines to houses and businesses
To generate electricity, the gas turbine heats a
mixture of air and fuel at very high temperatures,
causing the turbine blades to spin. The spinning turbine
Gas Turbine Cycle
Turbine Blades
Turbine Blades
The blades are responsible for extracting energy from
the high temperature, high pressure gas produced by
the combustor.
Blade fatigue is a major source of failure in gas
turbines.
Fatigue is caused by the stress induced by vibration and
resonance within the operating range of machinery.
To protect blades from these high dynamic stresses,
friction dampers are used.
 Method To Improve Turbine
Efficiency
Increase the turbine inlet temperature provided the
turbine materials can stand the temperature or one has
access to replacement parts that can withstand the
temperatures ( Blade Cooling).
Increase the pressure ratio.
Power augmentation through steam injection.
On turbines with HP and LP turbine separated, apply
reheat.
 Blade Cooling
The air cooling methods used in the turbine blade can be
divided into the following categories:
1. Convection cooling.
Blade Cooling
2. Impingement cooling: A variation of convection
cooling, impingement cooling, works by hitting the inner
surface of the blade with high velocity air. ... In case of
turbine blades, the leading edge has maximum
temperature and thus heat load. Impingement cooling is
also used in mid chord of the vane. Blades are hollow
with a core.
3. Film cooling: In film cooling, cool air is bled from the
compressor stage, ducted to the internal chambers of
the turbine blades, and discharged through small holes
in the blade walls. This air provides a thin, cool,
insulating blanket along the external surface of the
Blade Cooling
4. Full-coverage film cooling: porous wall cooling.
5. Transpiration cooling: Transpiration cooling is one way of active
heat protection during which a coolant in the course of passing
through the wall of a body absorbs a part of the internal energy of
a body requiring cooling, and simultaneously actively affects the
convective heat flux going into a body from the surrounding space
Research in gas turbine blade
technology
1 Cooling (discussed before)
2 Materials
3 Manufacturing
 Manufacturing
1 Investment casting: Conventional investment casting of
turbine blades is a time consuming and expensive
process due to the complications in wax injection steps
and the complex shape of airfoil surfaces. By using rapid
investment casting, a substantial improvement in the gas
turbine blade manufacturing process can be expected.
2 Rapid tooling[RT] technologies: preparation of wax
patterns for fabrication of blades, new cost-effective
solutions for small batch production of gas turbine blades
RT Technology
A Epoxy resin [EP] tooling: excellent casting properties
with high surface finish reproduction.
RT Technology
3-D printing / Additive
manufacturing
Siemens has achieved a breakthrough in the 3D printing
of gas turbine blades. For the first time, a team of
experts has full-load tested gas turbine blades that were
entirely produced using additive manufacturing.
Thanks to additive manufacturing, the team was able
to reduce the period of time from the design of a new
gas turbine blade to its production from two years to
two months.
3-D printing / Additive
manufacturing
Blade Material
Due to high temperatures, deformation, hardness,
failure and fatigue criteria, etc
1] Inconel (conventional,very hard, not suitable for high
temperature cooling)
2] Titanium alloys: high temperature strength, oxidation
resistance
3] Superalloys: Single shaft heavy duty engines such as
aircraft engines