2.

5 analysing electrical
energy and power
 Learning objective

Analysing electrical energy

and power
 Learning outcomes
Difine electrical energy
Define electric power
Solve problems involving electrical energy
and power
Compare power rating and energy
consumption of various electrical appliances
Compare various electrical appliances in
terms of efficient use of energy
Describe ways of increasing energy
efficiency.
The energy released when electric
charges flow through any two point in an
electric circuit
UNIT :
Joule (J) Electrica E=
Vt
l energy
E= R
VQ
E= E=
VIT IRt
 Defination: the rate at
which electrical energy is
released

P= ELECTRI P=V
E C
POWER R
t P=I
P=
VI R
 Question 1
An electric kettle is connected
across a 240 V power supply. If
the resistance is 40, calculate
a. The current flowing through the
element.
b. The quantity of heat produced in
10 minutes.
[ans : a. 6A, b. E = 864 kJ]
 Question 2
A filament lamp is labelled 12V,
36W. If the lamp is connected to
a 12V power supply, calculate
a. The current that flows through
the lamp,
b. The amount of electrical energy
used by the lamp in 30 minutes.
[ ans : a. 3A, b. 64.8 kJ]
 Power rating and energy
consumption
The amount of electrical
energy it uses per second

Energy = Energy = power x

power x time time
E=Pt 1 kWh = 1 kW x 1
h
1 kW h = 1 = 1000 x
60 x 60
unit
Cost = number of units =
x 3cost
600
000 J
per unit
TNB electricity meter
 Tariff rate
The cost for one unit of electricity
 Question 1
If one unit of electricity costs 21.8
cents, calculate the cost of using five
36 W fluorescent lamps and a 120W
television if they are switch on five
hours a day for the month of January.
[ ans : RM10.14]
 Question 2
A room air conditioner rated at 1 500 W is
turned on eight hours a day. How much
would you have to pay at the end of 31 days
if the tariff rates are as shown in table below.
[ans : RM 93.31]
 Energy efficiency

Efficiency = output power X 100%

Input power
 Question 1
A lamp is marked 240 V ,
100W . What is the
efficiency of the lamp if it
produces a light output of 12
W?
[ans : 12 %]
Increasing Energy Efficiency
Use more energy efficient lighting

Incandescent Compact fluorescent

bulb bulb
Replace or clean air conditioner
filters
Use electrical appliances
wisely

Iron clothes Wash

clothes
Eliminate wasted energy
Choose energy efficient
appliances
Boost energy efficiency
 Question
Table shows the characteristics of materials that can
be used for making a heating element.
materi charact
al eristic
Melting resista Oxidati Density
point/ nce on /kgms
C level
S 650 6.0 High 2900
T 550 5.5 Low 3150
U 50 10.0 Modera 18 500
te
Explain the
V suitability
350 of15.0
each characteristic
High 7400 in Table.
Determine
W the200
most suitable
7.0 material
Low to be used for
8000
making the heating element for an electric kettle
Characteristi Explanation
c
High melting So that the element
point does not melt easily
during the heating
process
Low resistance Allows for a larger
current to flow through
it and produce a
considerable amount of
heat
Material T is selected.
Low oxidation
It has To prevent
a high melting point, oxidation
low
resistance,
Low densitylow oxidation level
To make the and low
kettle
density portable
Question 2
Diagram shows an electric
kettle which is labeled 240V,
1000W
a.What is meant by
i. 1000 W
ii. The power rating of
240 V , 1000W
b. State one suitable material
that can be used as the
heating element of the
kettle.
 Answer

(a)(i) 1000 W is the electrical

power of the kettle which
consumes 1000 Joules of
energy per second.
(II) the power rating
indicates that the kettle
releases 1000 J of energy per
second when 240 V is supplied
to it.
(b) Tungsten / Nichrome