Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
their examples
Debadatta Bose
2013041
On basis of duration
Permanent Statutes Temporary Statutes
Life of statute mentioned in statute
Continues in perpetuity
itself
Automatically dissolves after stipulated
Can be repealed expressly or struck
time unless legislature expressly
down by Courts
repeals or Courts strike down
Examples: Civil Procedure Code, 1908 is
Examples: Finance Act is promulgated
still in force even after it was
every year; Indian Independence Act,
promulgated in British India; Indian
1947
Penal Code, 1860 has a similar footing
Proceedings under statute terminate as soon as statute expires S. Krishnan v.
St. of Madras
Merely because a provision is in force for a certain time does not make the
statute temporary. Duration of levy created by Act and life of the Act are
different - P. Kannadasan v. State Of Tamil Nadu
On basis of nature
Prospective Retrospective
Covers acts from which date statute
prescribes usually date of notification Covers all previous acts
of statute
Laws which alter the future legal
No alteration of completed transactions consequences of past actions and
events
Examples: DSNLU (Amendment) Act,
Examples: Arbitration and Conciliation
2012; Karnataka Schedule Caste and
(Amendment) Act, 2015; DSNLU Act,
Scheduled Tribes (Prohibition of
2008
Transfer of Certain Lands) Act, 1978
On basis of operation/extent