CHAPTER 3:

Coordinati
on and
response
3.1 HOMEOSTASIS IN LIVING THINGS

HOMEOSTASIS ?
Maintenance of the internal
?environment in the body of
an organism to be in a
balanced and stable
condition
temperat wat Blood
ure er pH pressure
Allow living processes in body work well
mperature too high cells in organism may d
THERMOSTAT in water
heater detects the
temperature

Switch on if temperature
too low
Switch off if temperature
too high
 HOMEOSTATIC CONTROL PROCESS

Control Corrective
Increas

decrea
centre mechanism

ses
es

ormal Temperature Range Normal Temperature Rang

increas
Decrea

es
Control Corrective
ses

centre mechanism
 Regulation of water content

Detected Corrective
mechanism
by the
Increas

decrea
hormonekidney
brain produce more urine

ses
es

Normal Water Level Normal Water Level

increas
Decrea

es
ses

Detected Corrective
by the mechanism
-
brain hormonekidney
 Regulation of body temperature

Detected Corrective
mechanism
by the
Increas

decrea
-blood vessel dilate
brain -hairs lie flat

ses
-Increase sweating
-hormone/skeletal
es

activity reduced
-less urine
Normal Temperature (37oC) Normal Temperature (37oC
Corrective

increas
Decrea

mechanism
-blood vessel

es
constrict
ses

Detected -hairs stand erect

by the -Decrease sweating
brain -hormone/skeletal
activity will be active
HOMEOSTASIS IN ANIMALS

They have
no sweat
gland. How
they
maintain
homeostasis
Lick fur to
reduce
body
temperatu
 dog hang
cat's fur tongue out to
stand decrease
eract temperature
COLD SURROUNDING
Body activity slower
Body temperature

HOT SURROUNDING
Body activity faster
Body temperature
 Snail loses water on skin
surface
Looks for humid places
 Has waxy skin layer
Loss water vapourthrough spiracles
Closes spiracles between 2 breathing
HOMEOSTASIS IN PLANTS

Afternoon evening
(leaves roll up to avoid
excessive water loss)
 TRANSPIRATION
Process which water (in
the form of water vapour)
from plants are lost to
the surrounding
through the stoma
During the day When temperature
Stoma opens too high
enable more water Stoma closes
reduce water
 IMPORTANCE OF HOMEOSTASIS TO
HUMANS AND LIVING THINGS
Provide optimum conditions
Maintained in a balanced and stable conditio
Without homeostasis: