STATES

OF
CONSCIO
USNESS
 CONSCIOUSNESS

awareness of both external

and internal stimuli or
events
Level of Forms of Process Involved
Awaren Conscious and Some
ess ness Examples
HIGH-
LEVEL Controlled Focused attention is
AWARENE Processes required .
SS
HIGH- Awareness is
LEVEL Automatic necessary but
AWARENE Processes minimal attention is
SS
required.
 LOWER- Altered This is a mental state
LEVEL State of that is noticeably
AWARENE
SS
Consciousne different from normal
ss awareness.
This is no longer
LOWER- thought of as
LEVEL Sleep And
noticeably different
AWARENE Dreams
SS from normal
awareness.
This is the reservoir of
NO Unconscious
unacceptable wishes,
 STAGES OF SLEEP
Light sleep where you drift and out of sleep and
STAG can be awakened easily.
Many people experience sudden muscle
E1 contractions preceded by a sensation of falling.
The eyes move slowly and muscle activity slows.
STAG Eye movement stops and brain waves become
slower with only an occasional burst of rapid
E2 brain waves.

STAG Extremely slow brain waves are interspersed

with smaller, faster waves.
E3 Also referred to as deep sleep.
 SLEEP DISORDERS
a. INSOMNIA is a sleep disorder that is
characterized by difficulty falling and/
or staying asleep.
b. SLEEPWALKING and SLEEP
TALKING. Somnambulism is the formal
term for sleepwalking, which occurs
during the deepest stages of sleep. It is
a behavior disorder that results in
c. NIGHTMARES AND NIGHT TERRORS. A
night terror is a partial waking from
sleep with behaviors such as
screaming, kicking, panic, sleep
walking, thrashing, or mumbling. They
are harmless and each episode will end
in deep sleep. Nightmares are scary
dreams that awaken children and make
them afraid to go back to sleep.
d. NARCOLEPSY is a neurological disorder
that affects the control of sleep and
wakefulness. People with narcolepsy
experience excessive daytime
sleepiness and intermittent,
uncontrollable episodes of falling
asleep during the daytime.

e. SLEEP APNEA is a sleep disorder in

 PSYCHOACTIV
A E DRUGS
psychoactive drug or
psychotropic substance is a
chemical substance that acts
primarily upon the central
nervous system where it alters
brain function, resulting in
 RISK OF
PHYSICAL
DRUG SHORT-
MEDI /
CLASSI TERM OVERDO HEALTH
CAL PSYCHOL
FICATI EFFECT SE RISKS
USES OGICAL
ON S
DEPENDE
NCE
DEPRESSANTS
ALCOH Pain Relaxati Disorient Accident Physical:
OL relief on, ation, s, brain moderate
depress loss of damage, Psychl.:
ed brain conscious liver and moderate
activity, ness, heart
BARBITU Sleepin Relaxati Breathin Accident Physical
RATES g peel on, sleep g s, coma, and
difficulty possible psychl.:
, coma, death moderat
possible e to high
death
TRANQUI Anxiety Relaxati Breathin Accident Physical:
LIZERS reductio on, g s, coma, low to
n slowed difficulty possible moderat
behavior , coma, death e
possible Psychl.:
death moderat
e to high
OPIATES Pain Euphoric Convulsi Accident Physical:
STIMULA
NTS
AMPHETA Weigh Increased Extreme Insomni Physical:
MINES t alertness, irritabilit a, possible
contro excitability, y, hyperte Psychl.:
l decreased feelings nsion, moderat
fatigue, of malnutri e to high
irritabilitypersecut tion,
ion, possible
convulsi death
ons
COCAINE Local Increased Extreme Insomni Physical:
anest alertness, irritabilit a, possible
hetic excitability, y, hyperte Psychl.:
HALLUCINOGENS
LSD None Strong Severe Accident Physical:
hallucinat mental s none
ions, disturban Psychl.:
distorted ce, loss low
time of
perceptio contact
n with
reality
MARIJUA Treat Euphoric Fatigue, Accident Physical:
NA ment feelings, disorient s, none
of eye relaxation ed respirato Psychl.:
disord , mild behavior ry moderat
er hallucinat disease e
SOME FACTS AND FALLACIES ABOUT
ALCOHOL

a.Alcohol has been used as medicine.

TRUE: Alcohol was used for centuries as a
medicine in childbirth, sedation, and
surgery.
b. Alcohol is digested in the same way that
food is digested.
FALSE: Alcohol is unique because it requires
no digestion. It can be absorbed directly
TRUE: Some studies show that moderate
drinkers (those drinking no more than one to
two drinks a day) tend to be at less risk for
heart attacks, than abstainers or heavy
drinkers. However, its not recommended that
you start drinking for health benefits.
d. An estimated 85% of the adult Americans
who drink are alcohol abusers.
FALSE; Of the adult Americans who drink,
approximately 15% abuse alcohol. The
majority of people ho drink do so in a
e. Alcohol beverages do not provide weight-
increasing calories.
FALSE: Alcohol does contain calories:
Alcohol contains 7 calories per gram
Carbohydrates contain 4 calories per gram
Fat contains 9 calories per gram
f.Alcohol is not a drug
FALSE: Alcohol is a drug. It has been used by
most societies and cultures throughout history.
It is our most used and most abused
g. Approximately 10% of fatal highway
accidents are alcohol-related.
FALSE: About half of fatal highway accidents
are alcohol-related
h. Eating while drinking slows the absorption
of alcohol in the body.
TRUE: Eating before and while drinking slows
down the passage of alcohol from the stomach
to the small intestine. Because 80% of the
alcohol is absorbed into the bloodstream from
TRUE: Alcohol is metabolized by the liver at
the rate of one drink an hour. 12 ounces of
beer, 5 ounces of wine, or 1.5 ounces of liquor
count as a drink.
j. Few women become alcoholics.
FALSE: Although the estimates of women
alcoholics vary from one quarter to one half of
all alcoholics is sizable and has been the
number of female alcoholics is sizable and
has been increasing. In the past, female
k. Alcohol is considered a stimulant.
FALSE: Alcohol is a depressant drug; this
means it slows down (or depresses) the
Central Nervous System. Some people
mistakenly think it I a stimulant because
initially it reduces inhibitions, encouraging
some people to do things they might not do
otherwise.
l. The most commonly drunk alcoholic
beverages in the United States are distilled
liquors (e.g., whiskey, gin, vodka).
n. Proof on a bottle of liquor represents half
the percent of alcohol containers in the bottle.
FALSE: Proof equals twice the percent of
alcohol. For example, 90 proof whiskey is 45%
alcohol.
o. Alcohol consumption improves sexual
performance.
It provokes the desire, but it takes away the
performance Shakespeares Macbeth.
FALSE: Alcohol may increase aggressive
behavior, including sexually aggressive
p.A person cannot become an alcoholic by just
drinking beer.
FALSE: People can abuse any type of alcoholic
beverage including beer.
q. Drinking milk before alcohol slows down the
absorption of alcohol into the body because it
coats the stomach.
FALSE: It helps low down the absorption of
alcohol by diluting it, not by coating the
stomach.