MiCOM P821

Breaker failure relay

Henri GRASSET
P821 Product Champion

Venue date
 Introduction

P821
P821 is a fast, stand alone breaker
failure protection relay
Undercurrent detectors, for reliable
indication of CB poles open
Phase-segregated - suitable for
single and three pole tripping
applications
All timers included
A one-box breaker fail solution
Simple and easy to programme -
standard MiCOM Px20 setting
procedure
Minimal commissioning

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 Market

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 MiCOM P821 Breaker failure protection
Market
The customers are:
Transmission
Generation
Distribution
Industry
Voltages:
Medium Voltage
High Voltage
Extreme High Voltage

World-wide Market

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 Product Description

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 Hardware

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 MiCOM P821 Breaker failure protection
Hardware

Mechanic:
Case 4U (152 x 177 mm) - 20 TE (103 mm)
Weight: 2.1 Kg
Extractability
2 rear terminal blocks
Front panel protection: IP 52

Standard Housing

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 MiCOM P821 Breaker failure protection
Hardware
78
97 11.6
24.6 52

All dimensions
in mm.

168 158

Panel cut-out
Flush mounting fixing de

4 holesO/ 3.4 99 4 holes O

/ 4.4 (M4 screw)
103 25.1 226
MiCOM P821

IA = 214.50 A
Trip

Alarme C
Equip. fail

Auxiliary
supply
177 151.2 max.
AUX. 1

AUX. 2

AUX. 3

AUX. 4

Flush mounting

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 MiCOM P821 Breaker failure protection
Hardware

2 tactile button keypad for

reading and clearing 2 x 16
alarms and messages alphanumerical
backlit display

Trip Led
Alarm Led Retractable flaps
Equipment failure to withdraw
Auxiliary supply
Led Led the active part

Programmable Leds 5 tactile buttons

keypad for setting
and consulting

Battery
RS 232

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 Single Line Diagram
Busbar

L1
52 Trip L2 Logic inputs (5)
L3
L4
L5
Phase CTs
Watchdog
3 RL 2
RL 3
RL 4 Logic outputs (8) *
Earth CT RL 5
RL 6
RL 7
RL 8
SCADA
system
Vaux
Front panel PC

Key: * Plus Watchdog

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 MiCOM P821 Breaker failure protection
Hardware

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 MiCOM P821 Breaker failure protection
Hardware
2 blades 4,8mm x 0,8mm+ 1 M4 screw
by connection point

Com Relay 5 Com Relay 1 0V

55 53 51 49 47 45 43 41 39 37 35 33 31 29

56 54 52 50 48 46 44 42 40 38 36 34 32 30
1

2
Relay 5 NC Relay 1 RS 485 - RS 485 +
3

4
Com Relay 6 NO Relay 1 P. Supply + P. Supply -
5

6
Relay 6 Com Relay 2 NC Relay 0 Com Relay 0
7

28 26 24 22 20 18 16 14 12 10 8
Com Relay 7 NC Relay 2 NO Relay 0
27 25 23 21 19 17 15 13 11 9

Relay 7 NO Relay 2
Com Relay 8 Com Relay 3 Ph A 5A Ph A 5A Com
Relay 8 Relay 3 Ph B 5A Ph B 5A Com
Opt Input 3+ Com Relay 4 Ph C 5A Ph C 5A Com
Opt Input 3- Relay 4 Ph N 5A Ph N 5A Com
Opt Input4+ Opt Input 1+ Ph A 1A Ph A 1A Com
Opt Input 4- Opt Input 1- Ph B 1A Ph B 1A Com
Opt Input 5+ Opt Input 2+ Ph C 1A Ph C 1A Com
Opt Input 5- Opt Input 2- Ph N 1A Ph N 1A Com

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 MiCOM P821 Breaker failure protection
Electronic
Hardware
3 boards (extended UC F206, IO/power supply, IO board optional)
4 Current analogue inputs (1 and 5 A)
3 ranges of auxiliary power supply
- 24 to 60 Vdc
- 48 to 150 Vdc
- 130 to 250 Vdc and 100 to 250 Vac (50/60Hz)
8 output relays + 1 watch dog relay (changeover)
5 optically isolated logical inputs
- 24 to 60 Vdc
- 48 to 150 Vdc
- 130 to 250 Vdc and 100 to 250 Vac (50/60Hz)
1 front RS 232, 1 rear RS485
1 LCD (2*16), 8 leds, 7 function keys

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 Functions

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 MiCOM P821 Breaker failure protection
Functions
MiCOM
Functions Common Names
P821
CB FAIL 50BF (Ph), I< X
CB FAIL Earth 50BF (N), IN< X
Stage 1 Timer tBF1 X
Stage 2 Timer tBF2 X
Dead Zone (End Zone) DBI X
Pole discrepancy Poles Not Together X
Circuit Breaker monitoring,
X
control and statistics
Auxiliary timers tAUX 2
Latching output contacts 86, Lockout X
Setting groups 2
Measurements (True RMS) Metering 4
Event records SOE 75
Fault records 5
Disturbance records Oscillography 5 x 3 sec
RS 232 front communication Comms X
RS 485 rear communication Comms X

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 MiCOM P821 Breaker failure protection
Functions
Protection function 1
Breaker failure protection
- Phase

Stage 1 => 1/3 Phase (one delay by phase 0 - 40 s)

Stage 2 => 3 Phase (delay from start of fault 0 - 40s but active
only if stage 1)
Detects undercurrent in less than 15 ms
- Neutral (Io> element)

Earth stage 1 with same delay as phase

As 1/3 Phase activate stage 1

2 main functions, Retripping and Backtripping

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 Why use Undercurrent? -
Need to detect that a breaker has opened
Options for open pole detection:
CB Auxiliary Contact 52a:
But... the contacts may be
defective.
Contacts may be faster than the
breaker primary contacts, so would
not detect jamming mid-travel.
Reset of protection trip:
Would not detect a jam mid travel,
where the current/impedance
might have changed sufficiently for
the main protection to reset

Fault not cleared = stability problem for transmission

Risk of further damage, localised overheating
Insufficient protection redundancy
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 Using Undercurrent

Diagram shows CB jammed mid-

travel
Dangerous arc within OCB
Closed
Fault not cleared
Contacts
Using undercurrent:
ARC The CB pole should have
opened, the only reliable way to
check that the breaker has
Oil opened 100% is to check that all
current - load, fault and
charging, has gone
Set low, at 5%, 10% or 20%
Can use 3 phases, or ANC
connection to match older
Open Contacts overcurrent relays

Initiate Retripping or Backtripping

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 MiCOM P821 Breaker failure protection
Functions

CB Fail Logic
External Trip X =
DT X IDTX

I ph X I > Is
AND
S t BF1 X
Back trip 1 =
DTX

R
OR

RESET AND
S= Set
Configuration R= Reset

DTA

DTB OR tBF2 tBF1 DTG

DTC
DTN

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 MiCOM P821 Breaker failure protection
Functions

CB opens before tBF expires

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 MiCOM P821 Breaker failure protection
Functions

CB fails to opens before tBF expires

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 MiCOM P821 Breaker failure protection
Functions
Typical breaker fail current settings (National Grid UK -
275/400kV)
General
20% In (minimum fault current >55% In)
Resistor Current >10%In
80% In (20% if fault current <160% In)
Generator circuits

5% In
Resistor used to reduce switching overvoltages due to large inductive loads.
Main CB opens 1st and resistor reduces current to a low level. Aux CB is
opened 1 or 2 cycles later.
BF relay should not remain operated by resistor current, I BF relay > 2 x I
resistor

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 MiCOM P821 Breaker failure protection
Functions
Typical breaker fail time settings (National Grid UK -
275/400kV)

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 MiCOM P821 Breaker failure protection
Functions
Protection function 2&3
Dead zone protection
- Presence of current (I>Idzp) and circuit breaker open (52b=1)
Pole discrepancy protection
- One phase > Ipdp max and one phase < Ipdp min

Automatism function
2 setting groups
Local trip circuit supervision
Test of output relays by external wiring
Latch of the output relays

Versatile

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 MiCOM P821 Breaker failure protection
Functions

Dead zone logic

IA IA or DZ
IB or
IB IC
>
I_DZ AND t_DZ T_DZ
IC

52b

Pole discrepancy logic

IA IA or
IB or PD
IB IC
<
IC I_PD <
AND t_PD T_PD
IA IA or
IB or
IB IC
>
I_PD>
IC

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 MiCOM P821 Breaker failure protection
Functions
Wiring Security (Replaces the 2 out of 3 scheme)
This function protects the trip circuit against the short-circuiting of an output relay.
This prevents a spurious trip in case of a de-energised relay that would be short-circuited.
This protection is made using the redundancy of the tripping command (AND gate of tripping Relay(s) and security Relay):
Example 1Example 2

+ Vcc + Vcc

Relay for security 1 Relay for security 2

Opto input security 1 OR Opto input security 2

Secure Secure Secure

Trip Trip Trip
Relay Relay Relay Secure trip relay 3ph
Ph A ph B Ph C

As long as Relay 1 or 2 is healthy, there will be no spurious trip. If one of them has been short-
circuited, the opto input would be energised and an alarm would be raised

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 MiCOM P821 Breaker failure protection
Functions
Auxiliary function
2 auxiliary timers
Trip statistic
Frequency, phase and earth current measurement
5 disturbance recorders (max. 3s)
5 fault records
75 event records

Communication available Digital Control

Systems
Modbus
IEC 103
Courier
DNP3

Full communication

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 MiCOM P821 Breaker failure protection
Accuracy

Accuracy
Breaker failure protection (sample)
+/- 2% of threshold if threshold > 0.4In
+/- 5% of threshold if threshold > 0.16In
If less: +/- 8% (with a 0.0125In drop off stability assured)
Dead zone and Pole discrepancy protection (module)
+/- 2% of threshold if threshold > 0.2In
+/- 5% of threshold if threshold > 0.1In
if less: +/- 8% (with a 0.005In drop off stability assured)

Accurate

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 Atmospheric
environment

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 MiCOM P821 Breaker failure protection
Atmospheric environment

Temperature
IEC 60255-6
- Operating : - 25C + 55C
- Storage : - 40C + 70C

Humidity
IEC 60068-2-3
56 days at 93 % at 40C

Resistant

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 Reference number
CORTEC

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 MiCOM P821 Breaker failure protection
CORTEC
CORTEC Code in EAI Database and Cameleon

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 MiCOM S1

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 MiCOM P821 Breaker failure protection
MiCOM S1
CONTROLS to MiCOM relays
Settings
CB Opening
Setting group change
Data extraction
Settings
Measurements
Events records (75 events)
Faults records (Last 5 faults)
Disturbance records (5 records)

Communicates

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 HMI

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 MiCOM P821 Breaker failure protection
DEFAULT DISPLAY
HMI 1/4
IL1 = 1245 A

OP PARAMETERS CONFIGURATION

Password
Display CT Ratio LED 5 / 6 / 7 / 8 Group Select Alarms Inputs
****

Description Default Display Line CT primary Led n Change Group Inst. Self-reset ? Inputs : 54321
P821-1 RMS IL1 1000 TRIP Phase A Input = EDGE No 00001
Ext. Y/N
TRIP Phase B
Reference Phase A Text Line CT sec Ext. Y/N Setting Group Alarm Battery = Voltage Input
ALST L1 1 TRIP Phase C 1 No DC
Ext. Y/N
TRIP 3Phases
Software version Phase B Text E/Gnd CT primary Ext. Y/N
V1.A L2 1000 T Ph. A
Stage 1 Y/N
T Ph. B
Frequency Phase C Text E/Gnd CT sec Stage 1 Y/N
50 Hz L3 1 T Ph. C
Stage 1 Y/N
T Earth
Active Group = E/Gnd Text Stage 1 Y/N
1 N T Stage 1 Y/N
T Stage 2 Y/N
Problem
Input 54321 Secu 1 Y/N
Status 00101 Problem
Secu 2 Y/N
T DZ Y/N
Relay 87654321 T PD Y/N
Status 00001011 T Aux1 Y/N
T Aux2 Y/N
CB Open Time
Ext. Y/N
Date
CB Open Time
04/03/02
St. 1 Y/N

Time
CB Operation
Nb Y/N MiCOM P821 - V1 Software
SUM A N Y/N
14 : 15 : 34
Menu content
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 MiCOM P821 Breaker failure protection
HMI 2/4
DEFAULT DISPLAY
IL1 = 1245 A
PROTECTION
CONFIGURATION MEASUREMENTS EVENT COUNTERS COMMUNICATION
G1/G2

Frequency Reset Counters Communication

50.01 Hz RST=[C] Yes

IL 1 Ext Trip 3Ph Baud Rate

257.05 A NB 0 19200 Bd

IL 2 Ext Trip Ph A Parity

258.80 A NB 0 Wthout

IL 3 Ext Trip Ph B Stop bits

257.50 A NB 0 1

IN Ext Trip Ph C Relay Address

20.00 A NB 0 1

Trip Ph.A Stage1 Date format

NB 0 PRIVATE

Trip Ph.B Stage1

NB 0

Trip Ph.C Stage1

NB 0

Trip Earth St.1

NB 0

Trip Stage 1
NB 0

Trip Stage 2
NB 0

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 MiCOM P821 Breaker failure protection
HMI 3/4
DEFAULT DISPLAY
IL1 = 1245 A

PROTECTION
AUTOMAT. CTRL
G1/G2

TRIP COMMAND LATCH TRIP ORDER OUTPUT RELAYS

CB FAIL DEAD ZONE POLE DISCREPANCY

Trip t Phase A Latch t Phase A tPh.A :87654321

CB Fail Dead Zone prot. Pole Discrepancy
Stage1 Yes stage1 No Stage1 00000000
Funct Yes Funct Yes Funct Yes

Trip t Phase B Latch t Phase B tPh.B :87654321

CB Fail Phase I_DZ > I PD>
Stage1 Yes stage1 No Stage1 00000000
Yes 1.0 In 0.8 In

Trip t Phase C Latch t Phase C tPh.C :87654321

I> BF T_DZ > I PD <
Stage1 Yes stage1 No Stage1 00000000
0.1 In 100 ms 0.4 In

Trip t Earth Latch t Earth tEarth :87654321

CB Fail Earth T_PD
Stage1 Yes stage1 No Stage1 00000000
Yes 10 ms

Trip Stage 1 Latch Stage1 TStage2 :87654321

I0> BF
Yes No 00000000
0.05 In

Trip Stage 2 Latch Stage2 tDEAD :87654321

Delay Stage1
Yes No Zone 00000000
10 ms
Trip T_DZ Latch T_DZ Tpole :87654321
Delay Stage2
Yes No Discre. 00000000
40 ms

Trip T_PD Latch T_PD T Aux1 :87654321

External Reset CB Open:87654321
Yes No 00000000
stage1 No ST.1 00000000

Trip tAux1 Latch tAux1 T Aux2 :87654321 CBNb.Op:87654321

Yes No 00000000 00000000

Trip tAux2 Latch tAux2 CB Open:87654321 San :87654321

Yes No Ext 00000000 00000000

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 MiCOM P821 Breaker failure protection
DEFAULT DISPLAY
IL1 = 1245 A HMI 4/4
AUTOMAT. CTRL RECORDS

LATCH OUTPUT CB Monitoring Fault Record Disturb Record

Inputs 1/2/3/4/5 CB SUPERVISION WIRING SECURITY
RELAYS

Latch Relay 2 Input 1 CB Opening Time Wiring Security CB Opening Time Record Number Pre-Time
No 0 ms 5 0.1 s
None Superv Yes Yes

Latch Relay 3 Input 2 CB Opening Time Wiring Security CB Operations Fault Time Post-Time
No None 100 ms Rel.1 RST = [C] 0 12:05:23:42 0.1 s

Latch Relay 4 Input 3 CB Operation NB Wiring Security Amps (n) Fault Date Disturb Rec Trig
No None Superv Yes Rel.2 RST= [C] 09/ 01/ 01 ON TRIP

Latch Relay 5 Input 4 Amps (n) IA Active Set Group

CB Operation NB CB Operation NB
No None 0 E0 2
0 0

Latch Relay 6 Input 5 Amps (n) IB Faulted Phase

SUM A n Superv SUM A n Superv
No None Yes 0 E0 EARTH
Yes

Latch Relay 7 tAux 1 Amps (n) IC Threshold

SUM A n SUM A n
No 0 ms 0 E0 Ie>
0 E6 0 E6
Latch Relay 8 Magnitude
tAux 2 N N
No 1200 A
0 ms 1 1

T Trip T Trip IA Magnitude

None 1200 A
Rst Led 100ms 100ms
Secu2 IB Magnitude
Secu1
500 A
Dist Trig
Chang.Grp
tAux 1 IC Magnitude
tAux 2 480 A
Unlatch
52 b IN Magnitude
52 a 103 A
Trip Ext3
Trip ExtC
Trip ExtB
Trip ExtA
MiCOM P821 - V1 Software - Menu content
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