MASS SPECTROMETERY

INTRODUCTION
As its indicates ,this technique used for
mass determination . But it is known
as spectrometery instead of
spectroscopy.It is because of the fact
that in spectroscopy interaction of light
occur with matter while such is not the
case of spectrometery because here no
light source involves as well as no such
type of interaction occur .While here
word spectra is because of the fact
that its end results resembles with that
of spectroscopic tehniqes.
 PRINCIPLE
To convert the sample into gaseous ion
then they are separated on basis of their
mass to charge ratio m/z.
 INSTRUMENTATION
Instrumentation of mass spectroscopy
involves the following components.
Sample Inlet System
Ionization Source
Analyzer
Ion collecter/Detector
 SAMPLE INLET SYSTEM
We can use gases, liquids as well as
solids in sample.
Separate methods are used for inlet of
gases ,liquids and solids.
FOR GASES
Gas Expension System
FOR VOLATILE LIQUIDS
Direct Insertion Probe
 FOR LIQUIDS AND SOLIDS
Direct Exposure Probe
FOR DNA AND PROTEINS
Chromatography
Electrophoresis
IONIZATION
It involves the following sources.
ELECTRON IONIZATION
Also called electron impact method
CHEMICAL IONIZATION
MATRIX ASSISTED LASER DESORPTION
IONIZATION
Light amplification by stimulated emission of
radiation(MALDI)
FAST ATOM BOMBARMENT SOURCE (FAB)
FOR INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
Discharge source
Inductively coupled plasma (ICP)
We use these inorganic source for study
Isotopes
ACCELERATING PLATES
 MASS ANALYZER
It has the following types..
Scanning or Sequential analyzer
It separat ions one by one at single
time.Only one type of ion fall on detecter.
It is further divided into following 2 types
Magnetic Sector analyzer
Quandrupole analyzer
Magnetic sector analyzs is of 2 types
Single focussing
Double focussing
 SIMULTANEOUS ANALYZER
All ions are studied at single time.
It is of 3 types
Time Of Flight (TOF)
Ion Cyclotron Analyzer
Ion Trap Analyzer
 DETECTOR
Two types of detector are used in mass
spectroscopy.
ELECTRON MULTIPLE DETECTOR
FARADAY CUP DETECTOR

READOUT DEVICE
To old instruments galvanometer is used
as readout device.
Now a days computerized system is used
that gives results in the form of
spectrum with in few seconds.
 APLICATION OF MASS
SPECTROMETERY
Mass both spectrometer techniques has
both qualitative and quantitative uses
The major applications are:
Determination of Mol.Mass
Determination of isotropic ratio
Application in biochemistry
Geological applications
Space exploration