Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
AND HUMAN
FLOURISHING
Ch. 10
R. Cavera, Psy.D.
Chapter overview
Stress, Health, and Human Flourishing
Stress: Some Basic Concepts
Stress Effects and Health
Coping With Stress
Managing Stress Effects
Happiness
Stress: Some Basic Concepts
StressorsThings that push our buttons
Stress reactionsFrom alarm to exhaustion
Stress
Process of appraising an event as threatening or
challenging and responding to
Stressors appraised as threats
Can lead to strong negative reactions
Extreme or prolonged stress
Can cause harm
Stress: Some Basic Concepts
StressorsThings that push our buttons
Catastrophes: Unpleasant, large-scale events
Fuse/Getty Images
The events of our lives flow through a psychological filter. How we
appraise an event influences how much stress we experience and how
effectively we respond.
Stress: Some Basic Concepts
Stress reactionsFrom alarm to exhaustion
Cannon
Sympathetic nervous system
Flight-or-fight response
Selye
General adaptation syndrome (GAS)
Taylor
Tend-and-befriend
Stress theories
Fight-or-flight response
Emergency response, including activity of sympathetic
nervous system, that mobilizes energy and activity for
attacking or escaping a threat
General adaptation syndrome (GAS)
Selyes concept of the bodys adaptive response to stress
in three stagesalarm, resistance, exhaustion
Tend-and-befriend response
Under stress, people (especially women) often provide
support to others (tend) and bond with and seek support
from others (befriend)
AP Photo/ Chile's Presidency AP Photo/ Luis Hidalgo
Selyes General Adaptation Syndrome
Stress Effects and Health
Psychoneuro-
immunology:
Emotions affect your
Studies our
(psycho) brain (neuro)
mind-body
interactions
which controls
the stress
This field is the
hormones that
study of
influence your
(ology) those
disease-fighting
interactions.
immune
system.
Stress Effects and Health
Immune system is affected by age, nutrition, genetics, body temperature, and stress.
Lymphocytes
Two types of white blood cells that are part of the bodys immune system: B lymphocytes
release antibodies that fight bacterial infections; T lymphocytes attack cancer cells, viruses,
and foreign substances.
Coronary heart disease
Cogging of the vessels that nourish the heart muscle; the leading cause of death in North
America and many other countries.
A Simplified View Of Immune
Responses
CNRI / Science Source
Self-attacking Bacterial
diseases infection flare
Some forms Dormant
of arthritis herpes virus
Allergic erupt
reaction Cancer cells
multiply
Stress Effects and Health
Stress hormones suppress immune system
Animal studies: Stress of adjustment in monkeys caused weakened immune
systems
Human studies: Stress related to surgical wound healing and development of
colds. Low stress may increase effectiveness of vaccinations.
And sostress does not make people sick but it reduces immune systems
ability to function optimally.
Stress And Colds
Aerobic exercise
A similar analysis of
emotion-related words in 59
million Twitter messages
found Friday to Sunday the Adam Kramer (personal
weeks happiest days. correspondence, 2010) tracked
positive and negative emotion words
in many exact number is proprietary
information) of status updates of U.S.
users of Facebook between September
7, 2007, and November 17, 2010.
THE CHANGING MATERIALISM OF ENTERING COLLEGE STUDENTS
Economic growth in
wealthy countries has
provided no apparent
boost to morale or
social well - being.
Why Cant Money Buy Happiness?
Happiness is relative
Relative to personal experience
Relative deprivation: Sense that people feel that they are worse off than others with
whom they compare themselves
Relative to success of others
As people climb the ladder of success they mostly compare themselves with local
peers who are at or above their current level.
Happiness
Predictors of happiness
Genes: Heredity accounts for about 50 percent of happiness ratings differences.
Personal history: Emotions balance around level defined by experiences.
Culture: Groups vary in the traits valued.
Photodisc / Jupiterimages
Focus beyond self.
Count your blessings and record your gratitude.
Nurture your spiritual self.
Next: Personality (ch. 11)