BAGUIO CITY AND

BURNHAM PARK
BAGUIO CITY

In 1900 When the Americans first came

to Baguio

In November 1900, the Americans

established the first civil government in
Benguet.

September 1, 1909 Baguio became the

second chartered city in the Archipelago
 BAGUIO CITY
Baguio City Hall

The old City Hall was built

in 1910 during the term of
E.W. Reynolds, first city
mayor. It was destroyed
during World War II in
1945.

It is the seat of local

efforts to promote Baguio
as the countrys summer
capital
BAGUIO CITY

Baguio before the implementation of The core of Baguio in 1926

Burnhams plan, and a view of the heart
of the city in the 1920s
FAMOUS BUILDINGS IN BAGUIO CITY,
PHILIPPINES.
BAGUIO CATHEDRAL

Baguio Cathedral One of the rare Philippine

cathedrals not built by the Spaniards. Its construction
was started in 1907 by Fr. Seraphim Devesse, one of 8
CICM priests to start their religious mission to the
Philippines. Fr. Devesse was succeeded in 1913 by Rev.
Fr. Florimund Carlu who then built the Baguio
Cathedral over Devesses St. Patrick Church in 1920. It
was finished 16 years later.
Camp John Hay

Camp John Hay Filipinos who watched Lincoln would

have recognized the young man always behind
Daniel Day Lewis Lincoln. That is John Hay, played by
former child actor James Cross. John Hay was Lincolns
personal secretary, but became Presidents William
McKinley and Theodore Roosevelts Secretary of State.

In 1903, a land in Benguet was ceded to the United

States, and Roosevelt named it Camp John Hay (CJH). In
1905, John Hay died. CJH was a recreational facility
even then, completed in 1913 by J. Franklin Bell, then
the Commanding General of the Philippine Department.
Casa Vallejo

Casa Vallejo is the oldest hotel in Baguio,

Philippines built in 1909. It is also awarded
by the Baguio Centennial Commission as one
of the 10 oldest institutions in the city. With
its strategic location along Upper
Session Road, it is one of Baguio's most
visited places. It houses Mountain Cloud
Bookshop, a cinmathque, a spa, and Hill
Station Restaurant.

Built of wood, galvanized iron, and sawali,

Casa Vallejo was first referred to as
Dormitory 4. It was constructed by the
Americans to house construction workers
who helped build Baguio City.
Casa Vallejo

. Built in 1909, the old structue - then

called "Dormitory 4" - was part of Architect
Daniel Burnhams design for what would be
the country's summer capital.
 Teachers' Camp

Teachers' Camp has, for the past 100 years, served as

a training center and venue for teachers from all over
the Philippines who come during the summer break to
attend special courses in education.
Within the pine-filled camp are classrooms, cottages
and dormitories, mess halls and dining areas,
administrative offices, plus assembly halls and social
centers where many conferences, seminars and other
activities are held.

Teachers Camp also boasts of its own athletic oval
where members of the Philippine Olympic teams
train. The athletic oval is also open for the use of the
general public (a small fee is charged for its upkeep)
Philippine Military Academy

Philippine Military Academy According to

historian Rowena Reyes Boquiren, who helped
found the Baguio Historical Commission, PMA
began in Sta. Lucia Barracks in Manila set up on 8
August 1905. The Officers School of the
Philippine Constabulary was moved to Baguio on
September 1, 1908 on Constabulary Hill, now
known as Camp Allen with the school building built
in 1914. The school was transferred to Fort Del
Pilar, its present location in 1948 as the Philippine
Constabulary Academy. It was the oldest military
academy in Asia and is still being called Asias
West Point.
Daniel Hudson Burnham (1846-1912)
Planner and Architect

American architect and urban

planner
The father of the City Beautiful
Movement.
He was commissioned to design
master plans for Manila and Baguio.
Burnham endorsed the appointment
of beaux arts-trained William
Parsons as Consulting Architecture
(1905-1914)
William E. Parsons
Architect and Planner

Known for this quite creativity and

practical wisdom as Daniel Burnham said.

He studied at Yale, Columbia University.

He is one who supervise and impalement

the design plans of Daniel Burnham.
 The Making of the Summer Capital and City of Pines
Baguio was supposed to be founded in 1909 by the proclamation ensuring the existence of Baguio City, but our
Summer Capital has been in the planning since the last years of the Spanish Rule.
The need for chill, the foundation of high altitude settlements
In the later half of the 19th century until the end of colonialism in Asia, the Europeans founded settlements in the
mountains to escape the heat of the tropics in Asia. Also, it was later found that recuperating Europeans recover fast
when in this settlements. The cold temperate regions of this places reminds them of their European Homelands with
the pine and cedar woodlands. In the same Era, Simla in India, Genting in Malaysia and Bandung in Indonesia became
the summer settlements for the Europeans escaping the heat of the tropics. In the Philippines, Baguio does the role
for a summer settlement for colonial administrator.
The City Plan
The Philippine Commission in 1904 asked the help of Daniel Burnham to plan the cities of Manila and Baguio.
Unknown to many, Frederick Olmstead, Jr was offered first for the job but he declined. Olmsted, Jr. is the principal
architect of the National Mall in Washington, D.C. Then Sec. Taft offered the planning of Manila and Baguio to
Charles McKim and Daniel Burnham, but only Daniel Burnham gave a positive reply and eventually became the man
for the job.
 Daniel Burnhams plan went through modifications and eventually got into the fifth plan as
shown because Burnhams plan is preliminary in nature but the essential elements of the
plan was retained. These are the National Government Center, the Municipal Government,
the public parks, and the Governor Generals House (The Mansion.
Daniel Burnham also went through to advocate Baguios strictly controlled growth and
development and acquisition of the hills and forests down as part of public domain to
protect the fine view of pines from being harmed. The vigilant protection of pine forests
came first from him.
Baguio was initially planned as the summer getaway only for the elites and the colonial
masters but Burnham placed large Public Parks for the enjoyment of people with moderate
incomes, later a rail connection to Baguio was planned and Buses was made available to
Baguio for ordinary Filipinos who want to see Baguios beauty. Eventually one of the two
large parks was named after him.
 Challenges to existence

Since the Benguet Road was built using lots of taxpayers money, criticisms amounted to spending the
peoples money on a city only for the American and Filipino High Society, and even Filipinos themselves
dont want to build this city so far. But Governor Forbes was so passionate to popularizing Baguio that
he held tournaments, polo games in the city. In this fashion that the Baguio Country Club was built.
The military was also invited to build here, this gave birth to Camp John Hay. The Bureau of Education
welcomed teachers in Baguio for rest or continuing education in summer and this gave birth to the
Teachers Camp. In the beginning the Teachers only live in tents but by 1913, permanent lodging was
already in place.
Baguios permanent existence already bear into fruition when the Philippine Commission proclaimed the
Baguio as a city and as the Summer Capital of the Philippines in 1909, from 1909 - 1913, the whole
Government Bureaucracy will go up in Baguio to work there from April to June ang back to Manila after
that. The practice was discontinued by GovernorHarrison but eventually directed the growth of Baguio
as a tourist and still a retreat for the Europeans from the heat. From that point on, Baguio was on a
steady rise on one of key Hill Stations of Colonial Southeast Asia and one of Luzons key secondary
cities.
 Plans for the Baguio:

Place businesses on the level floor of the meadow and gentler slopes of the ridge to the
northwest (because approximately level ground is the most convenient for the
transaction of business)
Keep municipal buildings close to the business quarter, placing them on the ridge to the
northwest of the valley: a location and a set of approaches of unmistakable dignity
National buildings should be placed on Governors Mountain, southeast of the valley,
which forms a high plateau and would make these buildings the head of the whole
composition, the goal being to organize their approaches and surroundings as to
make clear their pre-eminence over all other buildings in the city
The municipal and national buildings therefore face each other from opposite ends of
the valley, and an open esplanade with a centraltapisvert(or greensward) should be
drawn between them to bisect the valley and form the natural main axis of the town.
 Details of three fundamental elements:

1) Street systems
While the closely-built sections of the city should have a regular geometric street system, the
rest should have un-geometrical streets that mimic the contours of the valley. They hoped to
carry through the lines of the streets to commanding points on the hillsides and thus permit
the location of monumental buildings where they command a view down neighboring streets,
and count for their full value as an important element in the general effect. The report
states multiple times that taking the easy way out and avoiding difficulties in filling and
grading would destroy the monumental possibilities of the city, and cites Genoa and San
Francisco as places that illustrate the comparative ease with which great physical obstacles
[were] overcome in the natural course of municipal growth. They conjure up images of hill
towns in Italy, France, and Japan where lines of the level streets are carried steeply up the
hillsides to terminate the vista at points of especial interest. They diagnosed few diagonal
arteries, only suggesting a couple where it seems to flow naturally.
 2) Placement of Important Institutions
The plan notes that the hills surrounding the Baguio plain are perfect for schools, churches,
hospitals, and the like, but does not attempt to determine the precise location of any
particular group, except for the official residences of the Governor-General of the islands, and
the Major-General Commanding the Department. These two houses would be placed on the
opposite sides of the main approach leading up to the Government centre from the Main
Esplanade in the valley. Each would be on its own knoll, somewhat close to the business
district, but they would be formally a part of the visible Government functions. The also
suggest alternative locations for each house if the dignitaries prefer to be further from the
center of town. Furthermore, they explain that the Pakdal site should be a fashionable
quarter for the residences of the more wealthy people, and that the edge of the plateau at
Outlook Point should be treated as a public terrace. A railroad terminal could be located in
the hollow where Benguet Road bends northward to enter the valley, where it would act as a
formal gateway to the city.
 3) Recreational Areas
Most of the principal axes of the valley are planned to have side stretches of greensward, which
form a continuous parkway (ring a bell? Chicago?). Recreational fields would be located on the
west side of town where enclosing hills form a natural hollow. Other suggestions for the city
include a Country Club at Lloacan and open-air theatres. Hilltops should be given to the public as
park areas so that their green space may be preserved. The authors note that the most climactic
architectural location is not on the crests of hills, but on the hillsides where structures can be
seen against a solid background of green foliage which gives them the best possible setting
without mutilating their surroundings. Cautious of keeping Baguios natural atmosphere intact, it
seems as though the planners are actually suggesting a way to maintain urban sprawl: Unless
early protective measures are taken, the misdirected initiative of energetic lumbermen will soon
cause the destruction of this beautiful scenery. Finally, the note that they have indicated many
locations where water could make a strong aesthetic contribution, but they acknowledge that
water supply was not abundant and these plans could not be immediately realized.
 According to a letter to Colonel C.R. Edwards at the Bureau of
Insular Affairs on July 5, 1905 that, the preliminary sketches
and explanatory notes of the plan for Baguio were completed
on June 27th, with Secretary Taft receiving them on July 1st in
Chicago. Cameron W. Forbes received copies in Manila, and
Edwards received the copies for the War Department files.
Burnham noted, however, that this plan is left incomplete
pending the arrival of additional surveys.
Following are some of the other events that occurred during the
administration of Baguio under the American Colonial Government.

1903: Establishment of the first telephone system for Baguio.

1905: The Baguio Country Club was organized.
1906: Civil government authorizes the sale of residential and commercial properties in Baguio.
1907: Construction of the Baguio General Hospital is started.
1908: Philippine Constabulary School (forerunner of the Philippine Military Academy) was moved
from Intramuros to Baguio.
1910: Water supply system for Baguio becomes operational.
1911: The first automobile travels to Baguio from Manila through Kennon Road.
1913: Establishment of Sanitary Camp.
1919: An airplane lands for the first time at the Baguio airport.
1924: A hydroelectric plant becomes operational & construction of the Baguio Central School is
completed.
Daniel H. Burnham: Plans for Baguio

The plan for Baguio as

suggested by Daniel
Burnham.
Plans for Baguio

PLAN FOR A SUMMER CAPITAL PLAN OF THE CIVIL AND MILITARY RESERVATION
Plans for Baguio

THE TEACHERS ASSEMBLY

Plans for Baguio
THE CITY OF BAGUIO IN CHARLES B READE
BURNHAM PARK, BAGUIO CITY.
the man-made lake with rowboats for hire that
folks refer to as the Burnham Lagoon,

The park retains much of the Children's Playground,

Daniel Burnham's original the Skating Rink,

design and layout a century

the Rose Garden,
ago, with a few features
the Orchidarium,
added, in true Filipino
Igorot Garden,
fashion, to make it a vibrant
Melvin Jones Grandstand,
center of activity for
the Athletic Bowl,
everyone to enjoy.
a Picnic Grove,

the Japanese Peace Tower,

Burnham Park has 12 cluster Pine Trees of the World, and

Sunshine Park
BURNHAM PARK

The core of Baguio

 The 1990 Baguio City Earthquake
Looking back, it was exactly 4:26 p.m. on Monday, 16 July 1990, that a killer earthquake unexpectedly hit and extensively devastated
the City of Baguio. As reported, the powerful temblor measured 7.7 in the open-ended Richter scale and lasted for 45 seconds. It was
said to be the most destructive earthquake on record within the Cordillera Region. There were numerous aftershocks that followed and
the strongest, which occured at 3:15 a.m. of July 18, lasted for eight seconds ... and measured 5.3 on the Richer scale.The city suffered
the most in terms of destruction to properties and numerous deaths. Many commercial and government buildings, hotels, inns, and
residences were heavily damaged. The death toll continued to rise as rescuers pulled more bodies from the rubbles. It was estimated
that as many as 1,000 people were trapped and killed in damaged buildings.
The five-star Hyatt Terraces Plaza sustained the worst damage when its terraced front collapsed onto the lobby area, killing about 50
people. The Baguio Park Hotel along Harrison Road was a total wreck. The luxurious Nevada Hotel which is located right across from the
main gate of Camp John Hay was ripped in half by the quake, leaving a huge gash in the middle of the structure. The Saint Vincent
Catholic Church along Naguilian Road was spared by the strong quake, however a portion of its retaining wall and parking area was
damaged and collapsed to the road below. The church, which has withstood typhoons, bombings during the 2nd World War, and other
disasters, suffered only minor damage.
At the University of Baguio (UB), it was initially reported that 23 people, mostly students, were killed when the supporting structure of
the commerce building gave way. Nearby the FRB Building also crumbled to the ground. The FRB building and UB are both owned by
Fernando Bautista, Sr. and his family. The Philippine Military Academy at Fort Del Pilar was also one of the worst hit portions in the
city. The parade ground mushroomed into a tent city where cadets pitched tents after their barracks was destroyed. There were many
other buildings and familiar landmarks of Baguio which were damaged and classified as hazards. These included the Skyworld
Condominium and Commercial Center along Session Road, The Royal Inn at Magsaysay Avenue, and the controversial Baguio Hilltop
Hotel which was constructed on a hill behind the Baguio Public Market. Because of the extensive devastation, Baguio City was described
 Thousands of residents of the city huddled in tattered tents and makeshift shelters in parks and
streets. Drenched by daily rains, many complained that they had no food, water or medicine.
Doctors working under umbrellas and sheets of plastic had treated nearly 800 of the injured.
The city's three hospitals were all damaged and without power. Aftershocks continued
throughout the day. Without electric power, rescue work at the Hyatt Terraces and Nevada
hotels stopped as daylight faded. Almost no rescue operations were evident at the 20 other
hotels and at schools, office buildings and factories.
The three main access roads to Baguio were blocked by landslides that hundreds of motorists
were stuck along the highways. The roads were totally impassable to vehicular traffic. People
desiring to leave the city had no other alternative but to hike down Kennon Road, Marcos
Highway, or Naguilian Road. Different portions of Kennon Road were blocked by landslides.
This condition also made the delivery of critically needed aid to the city impossible. Loakan
airport had to be temporarily closed to commercial flights to allow food, supplies, equipment,
and rescue personnel to be transported by air using military and some privately-owned aircraft.
Photographs show the extensive damage on buildings, structures, facilities, and roads as a result of this
killer earthquake that hit Baguio City which the residents hope and pray will never ever happen again
 THE END
GROUP MEMBERS:
REYES, J. DIZON, C. LACADEN,B. UERA, M
BELTRAN, A. BALANBAN, A MALOCONG, R.
YABES, F. VELASQUEZ, J. RAMOS, K.
SAPANG , W. LACONSAY,E. BOYDON, A.