Cortical source localization for analysing

single-trial motor imagery EEG

-Vikram Shenoy Handiru, Vinod Achutavarrier Prasad and Cuntai Guan

presented by,

Vikram Shenoy H
rd
3 year PhD, Interdisciplinary Graduate School (IGS)

Nanyang Technological University

th
October 10 2015
Outline

Introduction
Dataset
Methodology
Intra-trial Task Related Desynchronization
(ITTRD)
EEG source Localization
Results and Discussion
Conclusions and Future prospects
Introduction Electroencephalography (EEG)

Electroencephalography (EEG) for Brain Computer

Interface
Non-invasive
Cost-effective
Portable
High temporal resolution
Limitation:
Poor spatial resolution

(Volume Conduction Effect)

Introduction

Cortical Source Localization for analysing

single-trial motor imagery EEG

Cortical Source Localization

Motor imagery (MI) EEG
Single-trial analysis
Introduction Cortical
Source Localization

Why cortical source localization ? ?

Possible to analyse what happens inside the brain

Neurophysiological justification of movement imagination

answers one of the important question -

Can we confirm if a person imagined a movement or not?

One step closer to what invasive BCI can achieve

Introduction
Motor Imagery EEG

Motor Imagery based BCI

Rehearsal of a motor task by imagination

Applications in neurorehabilitation

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)

Cerebral Palsy

Brainstem stroke

Muscular dystrophy

[1] http://www.gtec.at/Products/Complete-Solutions/g.BCIsys-Specs-Features
Introduction single trial analysis

Single trial analysis:

Conventionally, trial averages are used in spatial

filtering.

Non-stationary EEG signal results in a high inter-trial variability

Cortical activation differs from trial-to-trial in time domain

Single-trial analysis allows us to localize the cortical source activation in time domain
Dataset Wadsworth Physiobank data

Wadsworth Physiobank dataset[1]

EEG dataset of 109 subjects
64 channels
4 different tasks (approximately 45 trials per task)
Movement execution of opening & closing Left/Right fist

Movement imagination of opening & closing Left/Right fist

Movement execution of opening & closing both fists/feet

Movement imagination of opening & closing both

fists/feet

[1] A. L. Goldberger, et. al., PhysioBank, PhysioToolkit, and PhysioNet: components of a new research resource for complex physiologic signals., Circulation,
Methodology Block Diagram

Pre-processing stage

Common Average
Raw EEG Band pass Epoch
referencing
filtering extraction

Source Intra-trial Task related ICA denoising

Localization Desynchronization

Channel

Selection
Methodology Preprocessing

Preprocessing stages

th
Band pass filtering (0.5 -40Hz) using 4 order zero phase Butterworth filter

Baseline correction ( 2s before the cue)

Spatial filtering of Epoched data using CAR

Independent Component Analysis (ICA) for artifacts removal

Methodology Source localization

EEG Source Localization:

Forward modeling-

3-layered spherical model (Skull, scalp and brain)

[2]
Boundary Element Method to co-register fMRI template anatomy (ICBM152 )

[2] D. L. Collins, P. Neelin, T. M. Peters, and A. C. Evans, Automatic 3D intersubject registration of MR volumetric data in standardized Talairach space. Journal of computer assisted

tomography, vol. 18, no. 2, pp. 192205, Jan. 1994

Methodology Source localization

EEG Source Localization:

Inverse modeling-

Biggest challenge: Number of EEG sensors << Number of cortical sources

Therefore, apriori information from head model, noise model and region of interest is used

Lf X
observed EEG recordings of dimension N (channels) T (time samples)

Lf : lead field matrix of dimension N 3s (transformation from sensor space to source space)

X : Solution matrix for dipole strength

: Noise perturbation term

SLORETA (algorithm whose objective is to minimize ) using Brainstorm toolbox is used

Methodology Intra-trial Task Related Desynchronization

Intra-trial Task Related Desynchronization:

Single-trial case of Event Related Desynchronization (ERD)

( Pactivation Pbaseline )
(x )
k
100
i

Pbaseline
: Mu band power computed during the activation period (0-3s after the

visual cue)

: Mu band power computed during the baseline period (before 2s of

visual cue)
Methodology Region of Interest (ROI)

EEG Source Localization:

Defining a Region of Interest (ROI) for motor
activity:
Voxels that belong to motor cortex
Brodmann Atlas [3]
for mapping the voxels to specific
ROI
BA4, BA6 (covers sensorimotor association cortex) are
defined in the ROI

BA4 BA6

[3] K. Zilles and K. Amunts, Centenary of Brodmanns mapconception and fate. Nature reviews. Neuroscience, vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 13945, Feb. 2010
Methodology Region of Interest (ROI)

EEG
Source Localization:
Activation of ROI during a motor imagery trial
using Z-score:
Compute normalized Z-score (in a ROI
Compare* it with the normalized Z-score
computed globally (outside ROI)
(*p-value of <0.01 considered as significant activation)
Results Cortical source activation demo

Video of source activation within ROI in a given Left hand MI trial

Results Cortical source activation

Cortical source

localization in time

domain (single-trial

case)

Peak activation at

around 500ms

Can be extended to

any number of trials

Discussion Cortical source activation demo

Video demonstrates the time-localization of cortical activity during a motor imagery

task

More precise the ROI, more accurate observation of cortical behavior of complex

tasks

Source space analysis gives more information than just the sensor space

Accounts for the non-stationary behavior of EEG

Conclusion

Single-trial analysis of motor imagery EEG

Source localization based on region of interest (ROI)

Better neurophysiological validation to assess motor Imagery

Future prospects

Multi-class classification of complex arm motor imagery tasks

(ex: classification of individual fingers, elbow vs shoulder, lower limb kinematics

and so on)

Real-time feasibility studies of EEG source imaging

THANKS FOR YOUR ATTENTION !

ANY QUESTIONS ?