Scarlet

fever
Emma Ximena Crdova Guerrero
Nancy Isabel Guerra Nieva
Scarlet fever (Scarlet fever)
*Contagious bacterial infection.

*Usually affects children between five

and 18 years old.

*Scarlet fever can be treated with

antibiotics.

*Its caused by a group A Streptococcus

bacteria -- or group A strep.
 Symptoms
- Strep throat
- Plus a red skin rash that
feels like sandpaper
- Most of the time it occurs
with strep throat.
- Tongue with strawberry-like
appearance
- Fever above 38C

- Chills

- Headaches

- Nausea

- Vomiting
Streptococcus pyogenes
 Gram-positive
cocci
Peptidoglycan
, lipoteichoic
acid, M and F
protein in its
cell wall.
They contain
the antigen
from group A.
 It produces
large areas of
-hemolysis.

They are PYR

positive
 Epidemiology

Humans can be carriers and be

asymptomatic in the nasopharynx or
peritoneum.

The final source of group A

streptococci is a person harboring
these microorganisms
Epidemiology
The microorganism
should be considered
important if a crop is
detected
It is distributed through
the skin or by droplets of
the respiratory system
being the most dangerous
source of dissemination of
this microorganism
Epidemiology
Higher incidence in
children producing
pharyngitis

Transmission from:

Asymptomatic
carriers
Convalescent
people
By direct contact
 Virulence factors
They are determined by:

The ability to avoid phagocytosis

(mediated primarily by the capsule,
the M and M-like proteins, the C5a
peptidase)

Adhering to host cells and invading

them (M and F protein, lipoteichoic
acid)

Producing toxins (pyrogenic

streptococcal exotoxins, S
 Adhesins: The "M"
proteins of
fimbriae and
lipoteicoic acid
are a means of
anchoring
bacteria to the
membrane of
cells.

Frequently they
Pathogenesis
Portal of entry: Oropharynx by airborne
droplets.
Penetrate through damage skins or mucous
membranes
Presented three lines of pathogenesis: toxic,
septic and allergic
 Could not attach to host tissues and this is
would removed by salivary and mucous
fluid and by this mechanism and exfoliation
of the epithelium.
Specific adhesion allows competition
between normal flora and GABH.
The adhesion involves group A
streptococcal adhesins.
Adherence: This confers tissue specificity .
This induce localized cytokine production
and inflammatory responses
- The M protein attachment
to keratinocytes in skin
infections Keratinocytes.
- In the skin bind to the C
repeat region of M protein
 When the C1 and C2 repeats were deleted, the M
protein was decreased in its ability to bind keratinocyte
Membrane cofactor protein (CD46) has been
demonstrated to be a receptor on keratinocytes for the
streptococcal M protein.
The hyaluronic acid capsule is required for resistance
to phagocytosis
Diagnosis

Bacterioscopic study

Cultivation, the culture medium is blood

agar, chocolate agar, brain and heart
infusion.
Subculture to purify the strain. The
presence of gram-positive cocci should be
checked by smear and Gram staining.
Pharmacotherapy
An antimicrobial schedule is recommended:
- Penicillin V
- Amoxicillin
- Penicillin G Benzathine
In children allergic to penicillin is:
- Cephalosporins (Cephalexin or Cefadroxil)

- Clindamycin

- Azithromycin

- Clarithromycin
- The following measures are
recommended:
Repose
Thermal control
Complete and balanced diet
Evading drying household
powders

So that a child does not infect others,

must have received at least 24 hours of
treatment
Pharmacokinetics: Penicillin V

- Its action depends on its ability to

reach and bind to the proteins that - Long-term
bind penicillins (PBP-1 and PBP-3) in prophylaxis of
bacterial cytoplasmic membranes.
streptococcal
- Cell division and growth are
inhibited and produces lisis infections

- It is widely distributed in
most body fluids and bones
- It is absorbed 60% orally,
its binding to proteins is
high and 56% is
metabolized in the liver.
Complications
In most cases, the rash and other symptoms of
scarlet fever will be gone in about two weeks.
However, when its left untreated, scarlet fever can
Rheumatic
cause serious fever
complications. These can include:
Kidney disease

Ear infections

Skin infections

Throat abscesses

Pneumonia
BIBLIOGRAPHY
http://www.austincc.edu/microbio/2993v/sp.pdf
https://www2c.cdc.gov/podcasts/media/pdf/Scarl
et%20Fever.pdf
http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1053253-
overview
http://phpa.dhmh.maryland.gov/IDEHASharedDocu
ments/scarlet_fever.pdf