O M S W A S T Y AS T U

NAMA KELOMPOK
NAMA NIM
PUTU EKA PUTRI DARMIASIH 1613071016
ANIL YUSUF 1613071021
RIADHIL JANNAH 1613071022
1613071032
NI LUH PUTU WIWIK
WULANDARI
 KIMIA DASAR 1

ENERGITIKA KIMIA
 UNDERSTANDING OF ENERGITICS, THE SYSTEM AND THE ENVIRONMENT

Energetics chemical or chemical

thermodynamics is the study of the
energy changes that occur in the process
or reaction. Chemical thermodynamics
can be defined as the branch of
chemistry dealing with the relationship
of heat, work and other forms of energy,
with the equilibrium in a chemical
reaction in the changing circumstances.
Systems are the objects that made the
object of analysis.
While the environment is all that exist
around the system
 LAW OF
THERMODYNAMIC
S
 UNDERSTANDING THERMODYNAMICS

Before discussing the law the law of thermodynamics in advance we

should know what is thermodynamics. Thermodynamics is the study of the
relationship between effort and heat. In thermodynamics we know of the
existence of the system and environment. In thermodynamics is called
system as a collection of objects objects or objects that are researched or
being the center of attention while the environment defined as objects or
objects that are outside the system. The limit is the intermediary between
the siitem and the environment. The area where the system and
environment is called the universe.
 LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS
As has been mentioned above, the law the law of thermodynamics discusses
conservation of energy between system and environment. There are two
the Basic Law of thermodynamics, but in this article will only be discussed law of
thermodynamics. Law of thermodynamics States that "the amount of heat in a
system is equal to the change in energy of the system plus the work done by the
system. The relationship between heat and environmental law of thermodynamics
as shown in Figure 1. The energy in the system is the sum total of all the energy of
the molecules that are in the system. If the system is doing business or system gain
heat from the environment, then the energy in the system will rise. Otherwise the
energy in the system will be reduced if the system of doing business to the
environment or system giving heat to the environment. Thus it can be concluded
that the change of energy in a closed system is a heat difference that is received
with the work done.
 LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS
C. Thermodynamic Formulas Law I
From the sound of the law of
thermodynamics, Thermodynamic formulas
law then I can be written as follows:
Q = U + W or U = Q W or
Where:
U: change of energy in the system (J)
Q: Heat received/removable system (J)
W: Business (J)
D. Treaty on law of thermodynamics
The formula of the law of thermodynamics is
used with the following agreement:
1. Business (W) is positive (+) if the system of
doing business
2. Business (W) is negative (-) if the system is
receiving the business
3. Q is negative if the system is removing heat
4. Q is positive if the system receives heat
Thus fleetingly about the law of
thermodynamics may be useful.
 ISOKHORI
K
Isokhorik process is the process of
changing the State of the system at a
constant volume. On the process of
isokhorik the gas did not experience
changes in the volume or volume
(V = 0). There is no work done on the
process of isokhorik, so the work done
is the same system with zero
(W = P (0) = 0).
V1 = V2 = V
W = P (V2 V1)
Picture graph isokhorik W = P (0) = 0
 ENTHALPY
The Enthalpy (H) is the amount of energy that
is owned by the system at pressure
H = E + W (1)
Enthalpy deduced as the amount of
energy contained in the system (E) andwork. Ata fixedpressure:
H = E + Wwith: W = P V
H = PV + E (2)
E = energy (joule) W = system work (joules)
E = q + W (3)
V = volume (litres) P = pressure (atm)
WSystem = PV (4)
enthalpy (H) can be derived as follows:
Substitutionequations (3) and(4) intoequation(2):
H = (q + W) + PV
H = (q PV) + PV
H=q
So, ata fixedpressure,enthalpy(H)equals theheat(q)is
absorbedorreleased.
 TYPES OF REACTION HEAT
1.Standard enthalpy change of formation (H f)
Heat is involved in the process of the formation of one mole of a compound through its elements. For
example, the reaction of H2 (g) + I2 (s) HI (g) is a reaction to the formation of 1 mole of a
compound HI. The heat involved in the reaction is called the H f HI.

2.Standard involves the enthalpy (H d)

Is the heat involved in the decomposition of one mole of a compound into constituent elements. For
example, the reaction of HI (g) H2 (g) + I2 (s) is the decomposition reaction of 1 mol of compound
HI. The heat involved in the reaction is called the H d HI. Decomposition reaction is the
opposite of the reaction of the establishment. Thus, the sign of H d in contrast with the sign of H
f.
3.Standard combustion enthalpy (H c)
Heat is involved in the process of burning one mole of the element or compound with one mole
of oxygen. For example, the reaction of the C (s) + O2 (g) CO2 (g) is the combustion reaction of 1 mole
of the element c. a heat involved in the reaction is called the H c c. Likewise, the combustion
reaction of sulfur dioxide, SO2 (g) + O2 (g) this loses (g). The heat involved in the reaction is called
the H c (G).
 TYPES OF REACTION HEAT
4. Neutralization of Standard enthalpy (H n)
Heat is involved in the reaction process of one mole of compound acid (H +) and one
mole of the compound bases (OH-). For example, the reaction of HCl (aq)
+ NaOH (aq) NaCl (aq) + H2O (l) is one mole of acid neutralization reactions to
one mole of base. The heat involved in the reaction is called the H n.
H = Hproduk Hreaktan
 THE STATE FUNCTIONS
A system which consists of a number of material can be various
circumstances. The State of a system is determined by the nature of the system at
any given time. Properties that specify the State
of the system includes temperature, volume, density, etc. A quantity P, V, and T is
called the state functions or state variable because the P, V, and T is
very determining the physical state of a system and the price does not depend
on how the occurrence of a system with such circumstances before. Change
of P, V, and T from one State to another state does not depend on how the order
of the changes were done. The value function of a state depends only on the
State itself rather than the process of how that State is reached. The relationship
between some of the functions of the State can be expressed by the
equation known as the equation of state . Like the equation of state ideal gas.

PV=nRT
 HESS'S LAW
Hess's Law is a law in physical
chemistry for the expansion of Hess in
the cycle of Hess. This law was used to
predict changes in enthalpy of the law
of conservation of energy (expressed as
a function of circumstance H). Hess's
law can be used to calculate the amount
of the overall chemical reaction
enthalpy process albeit using different
reaction routes.
 HESSS LAW
According to Hess, since enthalpy is a State function , enthalpy of a chemical
reaction is the same, although the steps are used to obtain the product differently.
In other words, only the initial state and the final effect on enthalpy, not the steps
undertaken to reach it.
This led to the enthalpy of a reaction can be calculated even if cannot be measured
directly. The trick is to perform arithmetic operations on several equations of
reaction that changes entalpinya known. Reaction equations are arranged such that
the sum of all the equations will produce a reaction that we want. If a chemical
equation is multiplied (or divided) by a number, change the entalpinya must also be
multiplied (divided). If the equation is reversed, then the sign of the enthalpy
should be reversed (i.e. become a -H).
 HESSS L AW
In addition, by using the law of Hess, H values can also be known
with a reduction of the formation enthalpy of products minus the
enthalpy of the formation of The reactants. Mathematically

For the reaction

 HESSS L AW
Hess's law States that the overall enthalpy change of a process depends only on
the State of the beginning and end of the reaction, and does not depend on the
route or steps. By knowing the Hf (formation enthalpy) of reactants and
products, be foreseen the reaction enthalpy of any kind, with the formula
H = HfP-H fR
Enthalpy of a reaction can also be foreseen from the enthalpy of combustion of
the reactants and products, with the formula
H = H-cP + HcR
 BOND ENERGY
Chemical reaction is a process of
termination and the formation of ties this
process is always accompanied by a
change in energy. The energy required to
break chemical bonds in 1 mole of a gas
molecule be atomic atoms in the gas
phase is called bond energy or the
energy of dissociation.
Example :

HCl(g) H(g) + Cl(g)

H = +431 kJ mol-1

H2(g) H(g) + H(g)

-1
 ENTHALPY
is the exchange of heat energy that occurs during a chemical reaction. Enthalpy has
the symbol H and resized in KJ/mol.
formation enthalpy
The heat released or absorbed by the system in the reaction to the formation of
1 mole of a compound from its elements. Formation enthalpy is symbolized by
Hf
Enthalpy of decipherment
the heat released or absorbed by the system on the decomposition reaction of
1 mole of a compound into its elements. Formation enthalpy is symbolized with
Hd.
 BORN HABER CYCLE
Born Haber Cycle Example :
On the formation of the Ionic compound NaCl Specify silus Born-Haber and thermal
formation of LiF if known:
(s) of Na and Cl (s)2 (s) above involves a series
Vaporization Li (s) = + 155 kJ/mol
of processes that are named with the Born- Thermal dissociation of F2 (g) = + 158
Haber cycle kJ/mol
The lattice enthalpy ( Hlattice) is the standard Energy lattice LiF (s) = 1,016 kJ/mol
Ionization energy of K (g) = 520 + kJ/mol
entalppi change that accompanies the
Electron affinity (g) = 328 kJ/mol
formation of ion ion gas from solid Crystals: Solutions
MX (s) > M+ (g) + X (g) = Hlattice Li (e) + F2 (g) > H -> LiF
All the lattice enthalpy is positive. The lattice (g)
F (g) -> A > F
enthalpy comes from electrostatic energy
Li (g) -> I > Li+(g)
contribution total cations and anions in ionic Hfo = S + I + D + A + U
solids. = (155 + 520 + 79 328 1016) kJ
 ENTROPY
Entropy is one of the thermodynamic quantities of energy in the system of
measuring temperature guilds cannot be used to do business. the entropy of a closed
system always up and on conditions of heat transfer, heat energy moves from a
higher-temperature component to a lower-temperature components. on a system
that is heat insulated entropy only runs in one direction (not a reversible
process/back and forth)
 FREE ENERGY
The maximum amount To formulatetwo factorsin
ofenergyliberateda process theatasdiperlukanquantityis
whichoccurs ata
called:
fixedtemperatureand pressurefree
Free Energy(G)
Free energyinsymbolizeswithG
Formula:
Ata fixedtemperature and g =HsistemTSsistem
pressurethe chemical reactionwill
Description:
take
placespontaneouslytowardschang G =free energychanges
esincur alowerfree energyuntil it H =enthalpy
reachesequilibrium T =temperature
A spontaneousprocessis based S = change in entropy
ontwofactors,namely: (Joules/URK.mol)
1.Hdecreases
2.Sincreased
 SPONTANEOUS REACTION
The process of Spontaneous/Such is a process of spontaneous said if that process takes
place without any intervention from outside. Spontaneous reactions take place naturally
(faster or later)
No spontaneous process is a process that occurs after the presence of outside influences.
The criteria of spontaneous reaction
spontaneous a chemical reaction can be seen from several aspects include: a heat of
reaction rates, prices and the price of enthalpy change of entropy.
Chemical reactions are generally accompanied by Liberation of heat, decrease in
enthalpy, and entropy is increased or take place spontaneously.
As for the other criteria, namely the Gibbs free energy (G). Price change in the
Gibbs free energyG=H-TS
The reaction is spontaneous when an immediate trip prices G negative
 SPONTANEOUS REACTION
SPONTANEOUS RELATIONS WITH ENTROPY
IfSSystem +senvironment> 0, the process takes place
IfSSystem +Senvironment< 0, the process does not take place
IfSSystem +S environment = 0, the process is balanced

SPONTANEOUS RELATIONSHIP WITH GIBBS, ENERGY AND ENTROPY

G = (-) spontaneously (+) non spontaneous
S = (+) spontaneous (-) non spontaneous
Conclusion the larger irregularity system, the more spontaneous reaction.
SESI TANYA JAWAB
OM SANTIH SANTIH SANTIH OM
TERIMA
KASIH