T-test for Independent Samples

(Case 1)

Kromuel P. Alcantara
 2 2
For Case1 :

1 2
1. H O : 1 2 That the mean of population
1 is equal to the mean of
population 2.
The alternative hypothesis may be defined in
one of the three hypotheses same as of the t-test
for dependent samples presented below:

a. H a : 1 2 , That the mean of population 1 is

greater than the mean of
population 2.
b. H a : 1 2 , That the mean of population 1 is
lesser than the mean of
population 2.
c. H a : 1 2 , That the mean of population 1 is
not equal to the mean of
population 2.
 The alternative a and b are
directional hypotheses and so if one
uses either of these two alternative
hypotheses, a one-tailed test will be
employed. However, a two-tailed test
is used when one indicated the
alternative hypothesis c since this is
non-directional hypothesis.
2. Test-Statistics: Use t-test for
independent samples (case 1)

3. Level of Significance: Use a level

of significance.

4. Decision Criterion:
Note that the decision criterion would
entirely depend on the formulated
alternative hypothesis. A s such, use the
following decision that correspondents to
the following decision criterion that
corresponds to the alternative hypothesis.
 Note that the decision criterion would entirely
depend on the formulated alternative hypothesis. A
s such, use the following decision that
correspondents to the following decision criterion
that corresponds to the alternative hypothesis.
a. RejectH o tcif t a ( n1 n2 2 ) df

b. RejectH o tcif t a ( n1 n2 2 ) df

b. RejectH o tifc t a
( n1 n2 2 ) df
2
5. Computation
x1 x2
tc
1 1
s
2
p
n1 n2
where:
tc = computed t-value

n1 = sample size of group 1

n2 = sample size of group 2

s 2p = pooled variance
 s 2

n1 1 s
2
1 n2 1 s 2
2
p
n1 n2 2
For equal sample sizes, this formula reduces
to
s s 2 2
s
2
p
1 2
2
Which is the simple average of the two
estimates. Otherwise, each of the estimates
receives weights proportional to its
respective degrees of freedom
6. State your decision based on the rejection
criterion and the computed test-statistic.

7. State your conclusion based on

your decision.
Illustration for t-test for independent
samples (case 1):

An experiment was performed to

compare two varieties of tomato
concerning their fruit-bearing
abilities, measured in pounds. Do the
following data present sufficient
evidence to conclude that the fruit-
bearing abilities of the two varieties
are significantly different at 5%
level?
 The Data
VARIETY
A B
3.08 2.38
3.10 2.68
2.35 2.17
3.86 3.56
3.91 3.73
2.65 1.48
1.72 1.85
2.30 1.86
2.80 2.76
3.50 2.68
Solution:
The first step is to test the equality of variances

a. H o : 12 22

Ha :
2
1
2
2

b. Test-Statistic: use F-test at =0.05

level of significance.
c. Decision Criterion:
b. RejectH o Fcif F0.05( 99) 3.18.
Note that v1 = 10-1 and v2 = 10-1.

c. Computation of the Test Statistic:

l arg er var iance
Fc
smaller var iance
 The Data
VARIETY
A B

3.08 2.38

3.10 2.68

2.35 2.17

3.86 3.56

3.91 3.73

2.65 1.48

1.72 1.85

2.30 1.86

2.80 2.76

3.50 2.68

Sample Size 10 10
Total 29.27 25.15
 0.5291
Fc 1.059
0.4994

Fc F0.05(9.9 ) 3.18,
e. Decision: Since
accept the Ho
2
f. Conclusion:1 2
2
 From the result of the comparison of the
variances of the fruit-bearing capabilities of
the two varieties of tomatoes, the following
is undertaken to solve the main problem:

1. H o : 1 2 , That the two varieties of tomatoes

do not differ in their fruit-bearing
capabilities.
H a : 1 2 , That the variety A of tomatoes
differ significantly from variety B
in terms of their fruit-bearing
capabilities in pounds.
2. Test-Statistics: Use t-test for independent
samples
(case 1)
3. Level of Significance: Use =0.05 level of
significance.
4. Decision Criterion:

RejectH o t ifc t 0.05 2.101.

(10 10 2 )
2
Computation
x1 x2
tc
1 1
s
2
p
n1 n2
Since the two groups tested have equal
sample sizes, 2
s1 s22
s
2
p
2
0.4994 0.5291
s
2
p 0.5143
2
Therefore,
2.93 2.52
tc
1 1
0.5142
10 10

tc 1.278
6. Decision:

Since t c t 0.05 (10 10 2 ) 2.101,

there is no 2

Ho.
sufficient evidence to reject
7. Conclusion: The data indicate that the
fruit bearing capabilities of the two varieties
of tomatoes do not differ significantly at 5%
level.
Critical Values of t Distributi
on