INTRODUCTION

(Physical Chemistry)

School of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry

 Physical Chemistry
Application of physics to the study of chemistry
Develops rigorous and detailed explanations of central, unifying
concepts in chemistry
Contains mathematical models that provide quantitative
predictions.
Mathematical underpinning to concepts applied in analytical,
inorganic, organic, and biochemistry
Includes essential concepts for studying advanced courses in
chemistry

Source: American Chemical Society

School of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry

School of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry
 Divisions of Physical
Chemistry
Main Problems TraditionalApproach
Position of Chemical Equilibrium
A + B <=>C + D Equilibrium
Rate of Chemical Reactions - Kinetics Thermodynamics
Other special topics

Approaches
Top down Chemical
(Traditional/Analytical/Historical Kinetics
Approach)
Begin with things we observe in the
world/laboratory
Examine how those observables relate to
the underlying structure of matter
Bottom up (Synthetic/Molecular QuantumTheory/Spectroscopy
Approach)
Consider the underlying structure of matter
Derive observables
Statistical
Thermodynamics SpecialTopics

School of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry

School of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry
School of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry
THERMODYNAMIC
PROPERTIES

School of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry

Thermodynamic
Properties
Types of Properties
- Measurable/Fundamental
- e.g. P, T, V, mass, Cp, Cv, etc.
- Derived
- e.g. H, U, S, G, A, fugacity
Types of Functions
- State
- e.g. P, T, V, H, U, S, G, A
- Path
- e.g. Q and W

School of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry

Phase Rule (Gibbs, 1875)

School of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry

Thermodynamic
Properties
Source of Thermodynamic Properties
- Experimental Measurements
- Steam Tables / Thermodynamic
Tables
- Estimated or Calculated Data
- equations/correlations (equations of
state)
- generalized compressibility
charts/diagrams

School of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry

Thermodynamic
Properties

School of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry

Thermodynamic
Properties

School of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry

Thermodynamic
Properties

School of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry

Thermodynamic
Properties

School of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry

Thermodynamic
Properties

School of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry

Thermodynamic
Properties

School of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry

THERMODYNAMIC
PROPERTY RELATIONS

School of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry

School of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry
Mathematical Implications

School of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry

Mathematical Implications

School of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry

School of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry
School of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry
School of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry
School of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry
School of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry
School of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry
School of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry
 James Clerk Maxwell (1831-
1879)
Born in Edinburgh,
Scotland
Physicist well-known for
his work in
electromagnetism and
field theory
Also known for his work
in thermodynamics and
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Cl
kinetic theory of gases
erk_Maxwell

School of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry

 Theory of Heat
Written by Maxwell and
published first in 1870
Describes his views of the
limitations of the Second
Law of Thermodynamics
Maxwell Relations were
first introduced in this book
http://store.doverpublications.co
m/0486417352.html

School of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry

Why Use Maxwell Relations?

Certain variables in
thermodynamics are
hard to measure
experimentally such
as entropy
Maxwell relations
provide a way to
exchange variables

School of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry

Mnemonic Device for Obtaining Maxwell
Relations

The partial derivative of two neighboring properties (e.g. V

and T) correspond to the partial derivative of the two
properties on the opposite side of the square (e.g. S and P).
The arrows denote the negative sign; if both are pointed
the same way, then the sign is negative.

School of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry

 Using Maxwell Relations

Maxwell Relations can be derived from basic

equations of state, and by using Maxwell
Relations, working equations can be derived and
used when dealing with experimental data.

School of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry

School of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry
School of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry
School of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry
School of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry
School of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry
School of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry
Thermodyna
mic
WEB

School of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry

 See you in TAIWAN!

END
School of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry