Sedimentology and Geomorphology Analysis of

Coastal Areas along Pantai Penarik, Terengganu

Transect C: Monsoonal Effect on the Coastal Area

MUHAMMAD NAZRIN BIN NOR KADIM

18372
Presentation Outline
Introduction
Literature Review
Methodology
Result and Discussion
Conclusion
Introduction: Background of study
The coastline of Terengganu is located at the East
Coast of Peninsular Malaysia and facing South China
Sea, which having naturally high wave activity

Terengganu coastline faces two monsoon season, the

southwest monsoon (May to September) and the
northeast monsoon (October to March).

The monsoon brings more rainfall and high wind to

the area that contributes to greater wave action and
may cause rapid changes on beach sediment,
leading to coastal erosion
 Introduction: Background of study

Google Earth, satellite image

on 2005

Google Earth, satellite image

Introduction: Problem Statement
Pantai Penarik is located in the Terengganu
coastline, 35km north from the Kuala Terengganu
beach.

As observed from the aerial view, the coastal

erosion has extended to the northern part of the
Kuala Terengganu beach. It is fear that the
erosion may extended as far as to the Pantai
Penarik.
Introduction: Problem Statement

Coastal erosion at Pantai Geotextile added to prevent further

Penarik erosion
Introduction: Objective
The main objective of the study is to observe
coastal changes using Total Station Method before
and after northeast monsoon season. The main
objective is correlated with these sub-objectives:
To analyses the sediment distribution before and
after the northeast monsoon
To produce a beach morphology map and detect
the changes in the beach morphology before and
after the northeast monsoon
To study the coastal sediment texture on thin
section before and after northeast monsoon
Introduction: Scope of study
The study is carried out at Pantai Penarik, Setiu,
Terengganu. It is approximately 35 kilometers
north of Kuala Terengganu. The study is made on
1 kilometer length along the beach with its wide
follows the beach morphology.

The study involves in generate base map and

field map of the study area, produce beach
profiling using Total Station, beach morphology
analysis, grain size distribution analysis by dry
sieving method and grain texture analysis by
observing sediment thin section.
Introduction: Scope of study
0 800m

1km

Aerial view of Pantai Penarik (Google Earth, 2016)

Literature Review
General geology
Matang Gelugor Member comprising gravel, sand
and sandy clay deposited (Hutchison & Tan, 2009)
The sand ranging from moderately sorted gravelly
coarse sand to poorly sorted, silty, very fine sand
(Hutchison & Tan, 2009)

South China Sea current and northeast monsoon

Naturally experiencing high wave energy (Ariffin et
al, 2016)
Northeast monsoon caused extreme rainfall and
winds over South China Sea
Literature Review
Net shore drift
Net shore drift is the net direction of sediment
transport process affected by the wind movement
at the coastal area
The monsoon season may changes the shore drift

Coastal erosion
Coastline changes their shape and size from time to
time as a response to waves, currents and tides
(Azid et al, 2005)
The large waves that batter the coastline during
northeast monsoon increase the erosion (Husain et
al, 2009)
Literature Review
Grain size distribution analysis
Analyse the size of sediment classification using dry
sieving method
The analysis is done to explain transport dynamic
(Azid et al., 2015)

Grain size texture analysis

Texture refers to properties of sediment such as
shape, angularity and sorting
Methodology: Project Workflow
Effect of Monsoon
Season on Pantai
Penarik,
Terengganu

Desk Study

Fieldwork

Grain Size Grain Size

Beach
Distribution Texture
Profiling
Analysis Analysis

Data Analysis

Report Writing

Report
Submission
Methodology

Equipment used during

fieldwork

Tidal zone in Pantai

Beach
Penarik
Final Year Project 1 Gantt Chart
Final Year Project 2 Gantt Chart
Key Milestone
Result and Discussion: Base map

1km

Base map of study

area
Result and Discussion: Field map

0 100m

2 Beach sand (Study area)

Geotextile
3
House
4
So
ut Road
5 h
Ch
in
a Section Interval
Se
a
6

10

Field map of study

area
Result and Discussion: Beach Profiling

The result for beach profile shows that the beach

slope mostly becomes less steep with lower
elevation after monsoon season.

At some section, a small dune is formed at the

mid tide zone of the beach
Result and Discussion: Beach Profiling
Result and Discussion: Beach Profiling
Result and Discussion: Beach Profiling

Beach profile comparison before and

after monsoon for 1km beach
 Result and Discussion: DEM map
A B

Digital Elevation Model (DEM) before Digital Elevation Model (DEM) after
monsoon monsoon
Result and Discussion: Grain Size Analysis

Sediment sieve result before

monsoon

Sediment sieve result after

monsoon
Result and Discussion: Grain Size Analysis
Mean size
The result from grain size analysis shows that mid tide
zone has the finest grain compared to the other zone.
When comparing the result with before and after
monsoon season, it can be observe that almost all mean
size sediment of the area become finer after monsoon
season
Chart of mean size disribution
Sample sieve
30
result 26
25 22
20

15

10 7
4
5
1
0
Before monsoon 0 After monsoon
Coarse Sand Moderate Sand Fine Sand
Result and Discussion: Grain Size Analysis
Sorting
The sediment has become more poorly sorted after the
monsoon.
Much of the changes can be seen at low tide zone

Chart
Sample sieve of sediment sorting distribution
result
30 27
25 22
20
15
10 7
5 1 1 1 1
0
Before Monsoon 0 After monsoon

Well sorted Moderately well sorted

Moderately sorted Poorly sorted
Result and Discussion: Grain Size Analysis
Skewness
It is the degree of asymmetry of a frequency or
cumulative curve, which determines the tendency of the
data to spread preferentially to one side of the curve.
The result shows that sediment in the area has become
more coarse-skewed after monsoon season

Chart of skewness distribution

20 Sample sieve 19
result

15
12
10 9

5 5
5 4 4
1 1
0
Before monsoon After monsoon 0
Very coarse skewed Coarse skewed Symmetrical
Fine skewed Very fine skewed
Result and Discussion: Grain Size Analysis
Kurtosis
Kurtosis measure the peakedness of the distribution data
curves which represent by the shape of a distribution
curve, whether it is platykurtic (excessively flat),
mesokurtic (normal bell-curve) or leptokurtic
(excessively peaked)
More leptokurtic curve can be observed after monsoon
season which suggest that the area is exposed with high
energy during monsoon where sediment deposition and
Chart of kurtosis
accretion changesdsitribution
frequently
Sample sieve
result
25
19 20
20

15

10
6
4 3 4
5 2
1 1
0
Before monsoon 0 After monsoon
Very platykurtic Platykurtic Mesokurtic
Leptokurtic Very leptokurtic
Result and Discussion: Sediment Texture Analysis
The analysis is not
focused on the mineral
type of the sediment.
Instead, it is done to
analyze the physical
appearance of the
mineral, whether there
are any changes after
monsoon season.

The result shows that the

sediment texture change
to more rounded and
high sphericity after
monsoon
Conclusion
Beach profile result shows that the beach has become less steep
and lower elevation after the monsoon season. Small dune has
also formed at mid tide zone of some part of the beach.

The mean size has change from coarse sand to medium sand.
The beach has more coarse-skewed curve after monsoon season.
Sediment sorting has change from moderately sorted to poorly
sorted. Some part of the area having kurtosis change from
mesokurtic to leptokurtic after monsoon season.

Most of the sediment is change from subangular and low

sphericity to subrounded and high sphericity after monsoon.

The wave energy that battered Pantai Penarik during monsoon

season is strong enough to change the morphology and sediment
of the beach. It is afraid that the strong wave action could lead to
severe coastal erosion
Recommendation
Beach mitigation can be done to prevent further
erosion. Though, any coastal protection material
or mitigation of the beach that wanted to added
need to be planned carefully so that it does not
impact or causing disturbance in sediment
transport of other location.

GIS data or aerial images of the study area in

specific period of time can greatly help in
monitoring the coastal erosion of the area.
References
Ariffin, E. H., Sedrati, M., Akhir, M. F., Yaacob, R., & Husain, M. L. (2016). Open Sandy
Beach Morphology and Morphodynamic as Response to Seasonal Monsoon in Kuala
Terengganu, Malaysia. In: Vila-Concejo, A., Bruce, E.,Kennedy, D.M., and McCarroll,
R.J. (eds.), Proceedings of the 14th International Coastal Symposium
(Sydney,Australia). Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue, No. 75, pp. 1032-
1036, Coconut Creek (Florida).

Azid, A., Hasnam, C. N. C., Juahir, H., Amran, M. A., Toriman, M. E., Kamarudin, M. K.
A., . . . Mustafa, A. D. (2015). Coastal erosion measurement along Tanjung Lumpur to
Cherok Paloh, Pahang during the northeast monsoon season. Jurnal Teknologi
(Sciences & Engineering), 74 (1), 27-34.

Chempalayil, S.P., Kumar, V. S., Dora, G. U., & Johnson, G. (2014). Near shore waves,
long-shore currents and sediment transport along micro-tidal beaches, central west
coast of India. International Journal of Sediment Research, 29 (3), 420-413.

Folk R.L, Ward W.C. (1957). Brazos River bar: a study in the significance of grain size
parameters. Journal of Sedimentary Petrology 27:326.

Husain, M. L., Yaakob, R., & Saad, S. (1995). Beach erosion variability during a
northeast monsoon: The Kuala Setiu Coastline, Terengganu, Malaysia. Pertanika J.
Sci. & Technol., 3 (2), 337-348.
Q & A Session