KIDNEYS

Chronic Renal Failure

A slow progressive
irreversible loss of
kidney function until
the remaining nephrons
can no longer maintain
the bodys internal
environment
Clinical Manifestations

ANEMIA
OLIGURIA/ANURIA

LETHARGY

HYPERTENSION OSTEOPOROSIS
 Anemia
> Decrease in the quality or quantity of
hemoglobin in the blood

Kidney function:
PRODUCTION OF ERYTHROPOIETIN

> Stimulates the bone marrow to

produce red blood cells (RBCs)
 RENIN-ANGIOTENSIN-
ALDOSTERONE MECHANISM
Decrease Decrease Release of Combine with
blood renal renin angiotensinogen
volume perfusion (kidneys)

ACE
(Angiotensin Converted to
Circulation
converting Angiotensin I
enzyme)

Release of ADH
(pituitary)
Converted to
Angiotensin II
Release of aldosterone
(adrenal glands)
Clinical Manifestations

AZOTEMIA
medical condition characterized
by abnormal levels of nitrogen-
containing compounds, such as
CONFUSION urea, creatinine, various body
waste compounds, and other
nitrogen-rich compounds in the
blood
C
O
M
A
Diagnosis
LABORATORY STUDY
Most definitive test for renal failure

SERUM CREATININE
AND

CREATININE CLEARANCE
 CREATININE
Creatine is a substance that
forms when food is converted
into energy through a process
called metabolism.

Creatine is broken down into

another substance called
creatinine, which is filtered out of
the blood by the kidneys and then
passed out of the body in urine.

SERUM CREATININE
Amount of creatinine in the blood
Normal value: 0.8 1.4 mg/dL
CREATININE CLEARANCE

A test that measures how well creatinine

is removed from the blood by the kidneys

Normal values are indicated as follows:

Male: 97 to 137 ml/min.

Female: 88 to 128 ml/min.
cherryann_12@yahoo.com

09228314593
 ASSIGNMENT

1. How does hemodialysis work?

2. Differentiate hemodialysis and
peritoneal dialysis