POWER POINT

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(template)

template






(FONT & COLORS)
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Angsana UPC 24:
(Readable) (Clear)
(Not Too Thin) English
Angsana New 24:
(Readable) (Clear)

(Not Too Thin) English

Browallia New 24:
(Readable) (Clear)
(Not Too Thin) English
Cordia New 24:

(Readable) (Clear)
(Not Too Thin) English

Tahoma 18:
(Readable) (Clear)
(Not Too Thin)
English
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Angsana UPC 32:
Angsana New 32: English
Browallia New 32: English
Cordia New 32: English
Courier New 32: English
Tahoma 32: English
Verdana 32: English
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(Tahoma)
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slide

bullet
bullet
bullet

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Eng : Times New Roman Arial
Script Handwriting
Cordia New Angsana
:

New


Eng : Courier New
: Cordia New, Tahoma
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ALL
CAPITAL LETTERS





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(Italic)
quotes


highlight
titles

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Bullets

bullet









6 bullets
5 bullets





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Colours






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YELLOW on BLUE

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Tabulating and Graphing Categorical

Data
Univariate data: Bivariate Data:

Tabulate using a Tabulate using a

summary table. contingency table.

Graph using a bar chart Graph using a

or a pie chart compound bar chart.
 Summary Table
1. Lists Categories & Number of Elements
2. Count by Tallying
3. Show Frequencies (Counts) or Percentages

Row Is Tally:
Category
Major Count |||| ||||
Accounting 130 |||| ||||
Economics 20
Management 50
Total 200

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Bar Chart

Bars for Major Bar Length

categorical Shows
variables Frequency
Mgmt.

Equal Bar
Econ. Widths
Gaps must
exist (1/2 to
1 bar width) Acct.

Zero Point 0 50 100 150

Frequency
 Contingency Table

Level of Study: U U S S U U S S U S
Gender: M F F M M M F M M F

( U=University , S=SecondarySchool ; M=Male , F=Female )

Gender
Level of Study Male Female Total
University 4 1 5
SecondarySchool 2 3 5
Total 6 4 10

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1. Breakdown Total Mgmt.

Quantity by 25%
Categories
Econ.
10% 36
2. Useful for Showing
Relative Differences Acct.
65%
3. Angle Size :
(360) x (10%) = 36
(360) x (Percent)
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This plot exhibits an obvious seasonal pattern.
 Time-Series Plot

Sales
8

6
4
2
0
91 92 93 94 95 96
Year
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Tabulating and Graphing Bivariate

Categorical Data
Contingency tables: investment in
thousands of dollars
Investment Investor A Investor B Investor C Total
Category

Stocks 46.5 55 27.5 129

Bonds 32 44 19 95
CD 15.5 20 13.5 49
Savings 16 28 7 51
Total 110 147 67 324
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Tabulating and Graphing Bivariate

Categorical Data
Side by side charts

C o m p a rin g In v e s to rs

S avings

CD

B onds

S toc k s

0 10 20 30 40 50 60

Inves tor A Inves tor B Inves tor C

GRAPHICAL
EXCELLENCE
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Errors in Presenting Data

Using chart junk
Failing to provide a relative basis in comparing data
between groups
Compressing the vertical axis
Providing no zero point on the vertical axis
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Chart Junk

Bad Presentation Good Presentation

Minimum Wage Minimum Wage
1960: $1.00 $
4
1970: $1.60
2
1980: $3.10
0
1990: $3.80 1960 1970 1980 1990
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No Relative Basis

Bad Presentation Good Presentation

As received by As received by
Freq. students. students.
300 30 %
200
10
0
FR SO JR SR FR SO JR SR

FR = Freshmen, SO = Sophomore, JR = Junior, SR = Senior

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Compressing Vertical Axis

Bad Presentation Good Presentation

Quarterly Sales Quarterly Sales
$ $
200 50

100 25

0 0
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
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No Zero Point on Vertical Axis

Bad Presentation Good Presentation

Monthly Sales
Monthly Sales $
$ 45
45
42
42
39
39 36
36
J F M A M J 0
J F M A M J
Graphing the first six months of sales.
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Bad Presentation
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Good Presentation
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Bad Presentation
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Good Presentation
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Pareto Diagram
45% 100%

40% 90%

80%
35%
Axis for
bar Axis for line 70%
30%
chart graph
60%
shows 25% shows
% cumulative 50%

invested
20%
% invested
40%

in each 15%

category 30%

10%
20%

5%
Bad Presentation 10%

0% 0%
Stocks Bonds Savings CD
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Minimising the data density.

Bad Presentation
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Minimising the data/ink ratio.

Bad Presentation
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Hiding the difference.

Bad Presentation
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Showing the data out of context.

Bad Presentation
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Emphasising the trivial, Labeling in an

unreadable, incomplete and ambiguous way

Bad Presentation
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Codify in one dimension and

represent it in many.

Bad Presentation
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Change regularity in the middle of

the axis.
Bad Presentation
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Compare values between curves or change the situation of

the origin of different data to avoid comparing in the same
conditions.

Bad Presentation
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Hello Kitty Garfield

Diagram
flowchart, UML
Diagram

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ppt
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projector
Desktop Background
Power Management

Screensaver
, laser)
pointer (
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Handout

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PowerPoint
notebook

font

overhead projector
thrum drive , floppy, internet

PowerPoint
copy
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Power Point

Power Point





Thank you

merci

danke
obrigado
grazie
gracias