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OVERVIEW:
What is Navigation
Navigation location and positioning
Techniques
Dead Reckoning
Electronic Navigation
NAVIGATION,LOCATION AND POSITIONING TECHNIQUES
Navigation:
Navigation is a process of monitoring and
controlling the movement of craft or a
vehicle from one place to another
NAVIGATION,LOCATION AND POSITIONING TECHNIQUES
?
NAVIGATION,LOCATION AND POSITIONING TECHNIQUES
NAVIGATION,LOCATION AND POSITIONING TECHNIQUES
Techniques:
Dead Reckoning:
Timing d
4km/hr 2km = an hour sxt
Travelling at
4km/hr
2km
NAVIGATION,LOCATION AND POSITIONING TECHNIQUES
Going Uphill
A Scottish climber called Naismith in 1892 devised a rule
to calculate walking speeds
Travelling at 400m
4km/hr
200m
?
2km
NAVIGATION,LOCATION AND POSITIONING TECHNIQUES
Electronic Navigation
RADAR Navigation:
Radar is an electromagnetic system for detection
and location of the target or object.
SATELLITE NAVIGATION
GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM(GPS):
ELEMENTS OF GPS:
NAVIGATION,LOCATION AND POSITIONING TECHNIQUES
Mathematics of Positioning
Solving the following equation determine user position.
(i ) (t ) h n(t ), e(t ) ; n (i ) , e (i )
where is some form of distance measurement
n(t ), e(t ) are the unknown coordinates of the receiver.
n (i )
, e ( i ) are the known coordinates of one of the positioning
- system transmitters.
i is the transmitter identifier
h is a nonlinear function of the user and the transmitter coordinates.
Given at least two simultaneous measurements (i ) (t )
from suitably situated transmitters
the set of equations defined by the above equation
can be solved to determine user position.
NAVIGATION,LOCATION AND POSITIONING TECHNIQUES
FREQUENCY OF GPS:
L1 (1575.42 MHz) - Mix of Navigation Message, coarse-
acquisition (C/A) code and encrypted precision P(Y)
code.
L2 (1227.60 MHz) - P(Y) code, plus the new L2C code
on the Block IIR-M and newer satellites.
L3 (1381.05 MHz) - Used by the Defense Support
Program to signal detection of missile launches, nuclear
detonations, and other applications.
L4 (1379.913 MHz) - Being studied for additional
correction to the part of the atmosphere that is ionized by
solar radiation.
L5 (1176.45 MHz) To be used as a civilian safety-of-life
(SoL) signal.
NAVIGATION,LOCATION AND POSITIONING TECHNIQUES
APPLICATIONS:
Military Uses
In Scientific research
Applications for business
Monitor Nuclear Explosion
Every Day Life
Commercial and Information Services
Emergency relief, Public safety and Security
NAVIGATION,LOCATION AND POSITIONING TECHNIQUES
CONCLUSION:
Navigation is very useful for controlling and
monitoring and GPS finding out the position or
location of anything on the planet in any weather
with maximum accuracy of one centimeter.
By implementing GPS receivers to all cars we
may prevent accidents to some extent. Even in
remote and lonely places, a GPS satellite can
find our location.
NAVIGATION,LOCATION AND POSITIONING TECHNIQUES
REFRENCES:
Coastal Navigation by step./by warren Norville,
1976.
Radar and Electronic Navigation. by
g.j.sonnenberg,1970,c1951 and Merrill I.Skolnik.
Dead reckoning/by H.H Shufeldt and
G.D.Dunlap.
www.AllGPS.com
The global positioning system and inertial
navigation By jay Farrell,Mathew Barth.
NAVIGATION,LOCATION AND POSITIONING TECHNIQUES
NAVIGATION,LOCATION AND POSITIONING TECHNIQUES