A TECHNICAL SEMINAR ON

NAVIGATION, LOCATION AND

POSITIONING TECHNIQUES
PRESENTED BY

SHAIK KAREEM UDDIN 07K91A0417

GUIDE CO-ORDINATOR HOD OF ECE

Prof. K. V. RAM PRASAD Mrs. B.SWAPNA RANI Prof. PRATULANANDA PAL
Associate Professor
 NAVIGATION,LOCATION AND POSITIONING TECHNIQUES

OVERVIEW:
What is Navigation
Navigation location and positioning
Techniques
Dead Reckoning
Electronic Navigation
 NAVIGATION,LOCATION AND POSITIONING TECHNIQUES

Navigation:
Navigation is a process of monitoring and
controlling the movement of craft or a
vehicle from one place to another
NAVIGATION,LOCATION AND POSITIONING TECHNIQUES

?
NAVIGATION,LOCATION AND POSITIONING TECHNIQUES
 NAVIGATION,LOCATION AND POSITIONING TECHNIQUES

Techniques:
Dead Reckoning:

Dead Reckoning is the process of estimating present

position by projecting course and speed from a known
past position. It is also used to predict a future position
by projecting course and speed from a known present
position
 NAVIGATION,LOCATION AND POSITIONING TECHNIQUES

Timing d
4km/hr 2km = an hour sxt

Travelling at
4km/hr

2km
 NAVIGATION,LOCATION AND POSITIONING TECHNIQUES

Going Uphill
A Scottish climber called Naismith in 1892 devised a rule
to calculate walking speeds

Add an hour for every 200m of climbing

 NAVIGATION,LOCATION AND POSITIONING TECHNIQUES

How long does it take to get to the

destination?

Travelling at 400m
4km/hr
200m
?

2km
 NAVIGATION,LOCATION AND POSITIONING TECHNIQUES

Electronic Navigation

RADAR Navigation:
Radar is an electromagnetic system for detection
and location of the target or object.

It operates by radiating energy into space and

detecting the echo signal reflected from an object
or target. The reflected energy that is returned to
the radar not only indicates the presence of a
target, but by comparing the received echo signal
with the signal that was transmitted, its location
can be determined
NAVIGATION,LOCATION AND POSITIONING TECHNIQUES
 NAVIGATION,LOCATION AND POSITIONING TECHNIQUES

SATELLITE NAVIGATION
GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM(GPS):

Official name of GPS is NAVigational Satellite

Timing And Ranging Global Positioning System
(NAVSTAR GPS)
Global Positioning Systems (GPS) is a form of
Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS)
First developed by the United States Department
of Defense
 NAVIGATION,LOCATION AND POSITIONING TECHNIQUES

A GPS receiver can tell its own position by

using the position data of itself, and compares
that data with 3 or more GPS satellites.
To get the distance to each satellite, the GPS
transmits a signal to each satellite.
The signal travels at a known speed.
The system measures the time delay between the
signal transmission and signal reception of the
GPS signal.
The signals carry information about the satellites
location.
Determines the position of, and distance to, at least
three satellites, to reduce error.
NAVIGATION,LOCATION AND POSITIONING TECHNIQUES

ELEMENTS OF GPS:
 NAVIGATION,LOCATION AND POSITIONING TECHNIQUES

Mathematics of Positioning
Solving the following equation determine user position.

(i ) (t ) h n(t ), e(t ) ; n (i ) , e (i )
where is some form of distance measurement
n(t ), e(t ) are the unknown coordinates of the receiver.
n (i )

, e ( i ) are the known coordinates of one of the positioning
- system transmitters.
i is the transmitter identifier
h is a nonlinear function of the user and the transmitter coordinates.
Given at least two simultaneous measurements (i ) (t )
from suitably situated transmitters
the set of equations defined by the above equation
can be solved to determine user position.
 NAVIGATION,LOCATION AND POSITIONING TECHNIQUES

FREQUENCY OF GPS:
L1 (1575.42 MHz) - Mix of Navigation Message, coarse-
acquisition (C/A) code and encrypted precision P(Y)
code.
L2 (1227.60 MHz) - P(Y) code, plus the new L2C code
on the Block IIR-M and newer satellites.
L3 (1381.05 MHz) - Used by the Defense Support
Program to signal detection of missile launches, nuclear
detonations, and other applications.
L4 (1379.913 MHz) - Being studied for additional
correction to the part of the atmosphere that is ionized by
solar radiation.
L5 (1176.45 MHz) To be used as a civilian safety-of-life
(SoL) signal.
 NAVIGATION,LOCATION AND POSITIONING TECHNIQUES

APPLICATIONS:
Military Uses
In Scientific research
Applications for business
Monitor Nuclear Explosion
Every Day Life
Commercial and Information Services
Emergency relief, Public safety and Security
 NAVIGATION,LOCATION AND POSITIONING TECHNIQUES

CONCLUSION:
Navigation is very useful for controlling and
monitoring and GPS finding out the position or
location of anything on the planet in any weather
with maximum accuracy of one centimeter.
By implementing GPS receivers to all cars we
may prevent accidents to some extent. Even in
remote and lonely places, a GPS satellite can
find our location.
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REFRENCES:
Coastal Navigation by step./by warren Norville,
1976.
Radar and Electronic Navigation. by
g.j.sonnenberg,1970,c1951 and Merrill I.Skolnik.
Dead reckoning/by H.H Shufeldt and
G.D.Dunlap.
www.AllGPS.com
The global positioning system and inertial
navigation By jay Farrell,Mathew Barth.
NAVIGATION,LOCATION AND POSITIONING TECHNIQUES
NAVIGATION,LOCATION AND POSITIONING TECHNIQUES