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Introduction
Viscosity is a quantitative measure of a fluids resistance
to flow.
Viscosity is the tendency of a fluid to resist flow and
can be thought of as the internal friction of a fluid.
Dynamic (or Absolute) Viscosity:
The dynamic viscosity() of a fluid is a measure of the
resistance it offers to relative shearing motion.
= F/ [A(u/h)]
= /(u/h) N-s/m
System for defining Newtonian viscosity. When the upper plate is subjected to
a force, the fluid between the plates is dragged in the direction of the force
with a velocity of each layer that diminishes away from the upper plate. The
reducing velocity eventually reaches zero at the lower plate boundary.
Kinematic Viscosity :
In fluid mechanics, where the motion of a fluid is considered
without reference to force, it is common to define the
kinematic viscosity , which is simply given by
= / m/s ; = density of fluid
fig:Viscosity-temperature characteristics of
selected oils
Viscosity index
An entirely empirical parameter which would accurately
describe the viscosity- temperature characteristics of the
oils.
The viscosity index is calculated by the following formula:
VI = (L - U)/ (L - H) * 10
Viscosity index (VI) is an arbitrary measure for the change of viscosity
with variations in temperature. The lower the VI, the greater the change
of viscosity of the oil with temperature and vice versa. It is used to
characterize viscosity changes with relation to temperature in
lubricating oil
where ,
VI is viscosity index
U is the kinematic viscosity
of oil of interest
L and H are the kinematic
viscosity of the reference oils
= (u/h)
Thixotropic Behaviour
Thixotropic or shear duration thinning, is associated with a loss
of consistency of the fluid as the duration of shear increases.