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reactants products
How do we know a chemical reaction has occurred ?
Some physical evidence to look for that shows a reaction has
occurred:
a color change
formation of a solid (precipitate) within a clear solution
evidence of a gas
evolution or absorption of heat
Types of reactions
Combination reaction A + B AB
Decomposition reactions AB A+ B
Displacement reactions AB + C AC + B
Metathesis reactions (double-replacement reactions)
AB + CD AD + CB
Combustion reactions reaction with oxygen
How do we represent the chemical reaction in a way that
is convenient and easy to understand?
chemical equation, which is a symbolic way of representing a
chemical reaction in terms of chemical formulas. In a chemical
equation, formulas for the reactants (starting substances in a
chemical reaction) are written on the left sides of the equation and
formulas for products are written on the right. The two sides of
equation are joined by an arrow ().
E. g. Consider the reaction of colorless nitrogen monoxide and
oxygen gas to form red-brown nitrogen dioxide gas.
1 Substitute chemical formulas for names, to obtain the following
expression.
nitrogen react oxygen to nitrogen
monoxide with gas form dioxide
gas gas
NO + O2 NO2
2 Balance numbers of atoms to obtain a chemical equation.
In a balanced equation, for each element present, the total number of
atoms of the element is the same on both sides. A chemical reaction
involves simply a recombination of the atoms; none are destroy and none
are created.
2 atoms and
Two N atoms
and 4 O atoms 4 O atoms
E.g.
2NaNO3(s) 2NaNO2(s) + O2(g)
Stoichiometry