VADODARA INSTITUTE

OF
ENGINEERING
VIER,KOTAMBI 1
 BE
FINAL YEAR PROJET
DEPARTMENT:

ELECTRICAL ENGGINEERING

8TH SEM
&
4TH YEAR

PROJECT GUIDEProf.
: SHRUTI KHATRI
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 PROJECT
OF
PLC BASED
ELEVATOR CONTROL SYSTEM
PRESENTED BY:
NAME:
ENROLLMENT NO:

1) KRUPAL R BHOI------------------------
110800109041

2) PRIYANK R
PATEL----------------------120803109002
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3) DHAVAL S SUKHANANDI-------------
 ABSTRACT :

In our project Elevator is controlled by PLC .

We can made the hardware model of the three floor
Elevator . This elevator is operate by using of dc
motor.

PLC is gives the command to the relay. Relay is

operate the dc motor in forward direction and
reverse direction. Based on this relay operation
elevator is move up and down.

BCD to seven segment circuit is used for to show

the current position of elevator.
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 CIRCUIT :
BCD TO SEVEN-SEGMENT DISPLAY:

In our project we are completed the circuit

of the BCD to seven-segment display and
control circuit .The circuit of the BCD to seven
segment display is below:

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 RELAY CONTROL CIRCUIT:

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 CONTROL CIRCUIT is controlling the elevator in
upward and
Downward direction. It is also control the door
close and open of the elevator
It is a control by the electro-magnet relay

when the two relays are energized lift is moving

upward and other two relays are energized lift is
moving
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 Here this figure is shows that if the two relays
are energized than gate is open and if the other
two relays are energized than door is close of
the elevator.

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 LIST OF COMPONENTS:

COMPONENTS:

1. DC MOTOR
2. ELECTROMAGNET RELAY
3. OPTOCOUPLER(PHOTO TRANSISTOR)
4. IC 7447
5. PUSH BUTTTON SWITCH

6. COMMON RESISTOR ANODE DISPLAY

7. BC547 TRANSISTOR
8. LM358
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 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

BCD TO SEVEN SEGMENT DISPLAY:

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FUNCTION OF DIFFERENT COMPONENTS:
1. DC MOTOR:
The dc motor works on the principle of flemings
left hand rule . when current carrying conductor is kept in the
magnetic field a force is produced on the conductor in a
Definite direction.24vdc motor is used.

2. COMMON ANODE DISPLAY:

common anode display circuit
All anodes are short .in it input is 1 than
LED on.

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3. OPTOCOUPLER:
OPTCOUPLER is combination of light source and light
detector. It is also called as optoisolator . It provide a complete electrical
isolation between a low power control circuit and high power output
circuit to protect control circuit.
PHOTO TRANSISTOR OPTOCOUPLER:
In this infrared LED act as light source and photo transistor
act as a detector when pulse input goes high LED turn on light emitted
by LED is focus on collector base junction of photo transistor collector
current of photo transistor start flowing the pulse input reduce to zero
LED off collector current zero
merits:
Small size, light weight
Control circuit is protect due to electric isolation
Unidirectional signal transfer
Logic circuit is easy.
demerits:
Slow speed
Application:
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Ac to dc converter use for dc motor speed control
High power chopper
4. ELECTROMAGNET RELAY:
Electromagnet type of relay that can handle the high
power
required to directly drive an electric motor is called a contactor. Solid-
state relays
control power circuits with no moving parts, instead using a
semiconductor device to
perform switching.

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5.IC 7447:
IC 7447 is a one type of BCD to seven segment decoder IC .
It accepts binary coded decimal as input and convert into drive
seven segment for displaying digits 0 to 9.
BCD is an encoding in which each digit of number is represented
by its own binary sequence.

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6. BC547 TRANSISTOR :

It is a NPN transistor. It can be used as the active component

for switches and amplifiers.
To make use of a transistor as an audio pre Amplifier, a direct
current is needed such as a 24V Power supply in a common emitter
configuration. The negative side of the power supply is ac coupled to
the emitter via capacitor. There is a also small resistance Connecting
the power supply to the emitter.

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7.LM358 comparator IC:

It is a one type of operational amplifier. It consist of two

independent, high gain
Operational amplifier in one package.
This IC can be operated on wide range
Of power supply from 3V to 32V for
Single power supply.
positive pin is use for positive
Feedback and negative pin is use for
Negative feedback. when voltage at pin2
Is more than voltage at pin3 it will raise the
Output towards the positive maximum voltage and a slight
Increase at negative pin compare to positive pin will lower the
Output towards the negative maximum.

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 SENSOR CONTROL CIRCUIT
DIAGRAM:

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 DELTA PLC INPUT & OUTPUT CIRCUIT:

It have a 8 inputs and 6 outputs.

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VIER,KOTAMBI 19
 LADDER DIAGRAM:

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 Description of Ladder Diagram:

In this PLC design of I/O-pin obtain as X0-X7 are 8-input pins and
Y0-Y5 are output pins.

Input pins: - Output

pins: -

X0 IR sensor 1 Y0 Door
Open output
X1 IR sensor 2 Y1 Door
Close output
X2 IR sensor 3 Y2 Lift
Up
X3 Switch floor 1 Y3 Lift
Down
X4 Switch floor 2 Y4 BCD 0
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X5 Switch floor 3 Y5 BCD 7
X6 Door Open input
X7 Door Close input

TIMER: - FUNCTION: -
T0 Command for
door open
T1 Command Run
for door open
T2 Command for
door close
T3 ladder diagram whole project
From the Command Run model of
or hardware
foroperation
elevator door close
or working procedure listed below:
T4 Task
completed
Here andX2Rejected
X0, X1 and are input of IR sensors.M0, M1 and M2 are
temporary memory of this input pins. This memory are stored the
temporary data which is given by IR sensors.

The one switch is pushed than it is check the status of elevator

and take the output from PLC. Now it is move to position is given by
PLC or it is reach at pushed switch floor. Based on this procedure all
floor operations are worked with PLC.
Here timers are used to provide delay .T0-T4 timers are used with
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respectively function.
For First Floor Operation:

Initially X1,X2,X3 are NO(Normally open) When floor 1 switch is

pushed than X1,X2 are NC(Normally close)and X3 is NO. Means
PLC output to relay to drive motor and elevator is move at first
floor .Display shows the 1.

Here, elevator is come at first floor from any floor in downward

direction
For Second Floor Operation:

When second floor switch pushed than it is check two condition

that where the elevator and third floor or first floor.

If elevator is on third floor than initially X4 and X1 are NO. Now

second floor switch pushed at time X1 is NC and X4 is NO. Means
PLC output to relay to drive motor and elevator is move at Second
floor .Display shows the 2.
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 When elevator is on third floor than initially X4 and X0 are NO.
Now second floor switch pushed at time X0 is NC and X4 is NO.
Means PLC output to relay to drive motor and elevator is move at
Second floor .Display shows the 2.

Here, at second floor operation elevator come at second floor from

two conditions first is from third floor to second floor in downward
direction and another is first floor to second floor in upward
direction.

For Third Floor Operation:

Initially X0, X1, X5 are NO (Normally open). When floor 3

switch is pushed than X1, X0 are NC (Normally close) and X5 is NO.
Means PLC output to relay to drive motor and elevator is move at
third floor .Display shows the 3.
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Here, elevator is come at Third floor from any floor in upward

direction
 HARDWARE MODEL OF ELEVATO

Here Photo shows that our

three floor hardware model
built from acrylic material.

For all operation Delta

PLC is used.

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 THANK
YOU
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