Problems

Problem
Predict how the operation of this clipper circuit
will be affected as a result of the following faults.
Consider each fault independently (i.e. one at a
time, no multiple faults):

Diode D1fails open:

Diode D1fails shorted:
Resistor R1fails open:
Resistor R1fails shorted:
For each of these conditions, explainwhythe
resulting effects will occur.
 Answers
Diode D1fails open:Full AC signal at output
(no clipping at all).
Diode D1fails shorted:No output voltage at
all.
Resistor R1fails open:No output voltage at
all.
Resistor R1fails shorted:Normal operation if
source impedance is substantial, otherwise
diode and/or source may be damaged by
direct short every half-cycle.
 Problem
Design a clipper circuit that clips any
portion of the input AC waveform
below +4 volts:
Answer
 Problem
i. Assuming that we have a =100 for
a Silicon transistor, what value of base
resistor in a fixed-bias ckt is required
to yield an emitter current of 1mA?
ii. What is the emitter current with a
910k resistor?
iii. What is the emitter current if we
randomly get a =300 transistor?
 Solution
Write a KVL equation about the loop containing the battery,
RB, and the VBEdiode drop on the transistor.
Note that we used VBBfor the base supply, even though it is
actually VCC.
If is large we can make the approximation that I C=IE. For
silicon transistors VBE0.7V
 i.

ii.

iii.
 Problem
a. Find the required collector feedback bias
resistor for an emitter current of 1 mA, a 4.7K
collector load resistor, and a transistor with
=100 .
b. Find the collector voltage VC. (It should be
approximately midway between VCCand ground)
c. Find the emitter current IEwith the 470 K
resistor.
d. Recalculate the emitter current for a transistor
with =100 and =300.
 Solution
Write a KVL equation about the loop
containing the battery, RC, RB, and the
VBEdrop.
Substitute ICIEand IBIE/.
Solving for IEyields the IE CFB-bias
equation.
Solving for IByields the IB CFB-bias
equation.
 a.

b.

c.

d.
 Problem
Set the base-bias supply at VBB=
VCC= 10V to show why a lower
voltage is desirable.
Determine the required value of
base-bias resistor RB.
Choose a standard value resistor.
Calculate the emitter current for
=100 and =300.
Solution
 An 883k resistor was calculated for RB, an
870k chosen. At =100, IEis 1.01mA
 Break the divider loose from the
base. Apply Thevenin's Theorem to
yield a single Thevenin equivalent
resistance Rth and voltage source
Vth.
 Convert this previous emitter-bias example
to voltage divider bias.
 Substituting VCC, VBB, RByields R1 and R2
for the voltage divider bias configuration.

R1 is a standard value of 220K. The closest standard value

for R2 corresponding to 38.8k is 39k. This does not change
IEenough for us to calculate it.
 Problem
The operating point values of current
IC(=ICQ) and voltage VCE(=VCEQ) in
the circuit have magnitudes of 0.9
mA and 3.72 V respectively when the
current gain for the transistor is
100. The transistor in the circuit is
replaced by another one with =
200. Calculate the new values of ICQ
and VCEQ. What do you infer?