FINAL YEAR PROJECT

Chemical stabilization on
subgrade using solcrete
SUPERVISOR
SYARIFAH ANOM BINTI IBRAHIM

MUHAMAD HAFIZUDDIN BIN MUSTAFA

4134007081
 INTRODUCTION
The poor condition of road could probably cause by the unstable subgrade,
The engineering properties of subgrade need to be taken into consideration
as it influence the ability of sub-grade to resist force from the upper layer.
The bad condition of road at Meru Klang was the result from poor
construction of the road. In site investigation of road, the most important
thing is in determination of the engineering properties of soil. In this case
study, the contractor need to confirm the soil classification in order to used
the parameter for design

OBJECTIVE
To investigate the effective of chemical
stabilization using solcrete for subgrade
LIMITATION STUDY
Site Location
The location of the project site is
limited for district of Meru Klang

To determine the optimum percentage of Scope of work

solcrete as chemical stabilization for subgrade.
Significance of study
distribution, moisture content and
Chemical stabilization for subgrade using
solcrete is easy and fast soil stabilisation
procedures can enable contractors to
complete the project in a shorter period of
time than conventional method and thus
enabling developers to generate more
revenue in advance.
Tested at the laboratory in order to
determine the engineering properties
of the soil samples
Laboratory testing such as particle size
atterberg limit will assessing the
characteristic of the soil samples.
Others laboratory test such as Proctor
(compaction) and CBR are important in
determined the thickness of pavement.
 Subgrade is the main body of expressway engineering which under the
SUBGRADE action of the weight of itself and pavement and traffic load. Good
subgrade has significance for improving riding quality index and
prolonging service life

MEASURE SUBGRADE
SUBGRAD
OF IMPROVEME
E FAILURE
SUBGRADE NT

Excavation and recompaction with moisture

California Bearing Subgrade density control
Ratio Test Cracks Mechanical improvement (mixing in coarser
material)
resistance value (R- Subgrade Excavation and replacement with select fill
value) Settlement Stabilization (with lime, cement, lime-flyash,
asphalt)
Poor Drainage
Resilient modulus (MR) System
Subgrade
Modulus of subgrade Cavity
reaction (K)
Subgrade
Loose
 Soil stabilization is the process of improving engineering properties of the soil
and thus making it more stable
Soil stabilization means the improvement of the stability or bearing power of the
soil by the controlled compaction; proportioning and/or addition of suitable
admixture or stabilizers.

SOIL
STABILIZATON

Mechanical Stabilization Chemical Stabilization

It involves controlled It involves the addition of

compaction. By increasing the suitable Admixture or
amount of compaction dry
Stabilizers such as lime, fly-
density of the mix, strength and
durability increases.
ash, Portland cement, lime-
kiln dust, cement-kiln dust,
Bitumen,..etc
 SOLCRETE is an inorganic cementitious powder
stabiliser blended with cement plasticiser and
pozzolanic, specially manufactured to solve the weak
solcret soil, which cannot be treated, by ionic or polymeric soil
e stabiliser. It can improve strength for problematic soil
conditions with frequent rainfall, high water table, and
lack of good and economical construction materials and
unsuitable

Easy and fast soil stabilisation procedures can enable

contractors to complete the project in a shorter period
of time than conventional method and thus enabling
developers to generate more revenue in advance.
Benefit The SOLCRETE have no advice effect on the
solcret environment and it is ozone friendly
e To directly improve the in-situ soil and minimise the
usage and transportation of imported fill materials,
therefore,
To protect the natural environment and minimise
disturbances to public traffic within construction
periods
Other research
Neeraj Kumar Sharma S. K. Swain Umesh C. Saho (22 June 2012)
soil blended with flyash
Olugbenga Oludolapo Amu , Oluwole Fakunle Bamisaye and Iyiola Akanmu Komolafe
(18-01-2011)
Lateritic Soil stabilization using lime
Methodology chart
 Soil sampling

The soil sample was taken at

Jalan Bukit Cherakah, Meru Klang
where an road contructions activity
is in progress.
The soil samples taken from the
soil backfilling is to be used for the
construction of Subgrade layer by
using the shovel.
 Particle
size of
soil

determine the
percentage of
different
particle sizes
contained

Pleminar
y test
Moisture Atterber
content g limit

determine the plastic

Determine the and liquid limits of a
amount of the fine grained soil. The
Atterberg limits are
water present based on the moisture
in soil content of the soil.
 Atterberg
Liquid limit test Plasti
limit c limit
determining the plasticity index of fine-grained soils. This includes all soils
having more than 50% of its particles passing a No. 400 mm.
The plasticity index of a soil is the numerical difference between its liquid

is the moisture content

and plastic limits. is the moisture content
The lowest water content determined by the following procedure at which
that defines where the that defines where the
the soil remains plastic is the plastic limit.
soil changes from a The water content determined by the following procedure at which the soil soil changes from a semi-
plastic to a viscous fluid passes from a plastic state to a liquid state is the liquid limit. solid to a plastic (flexible)
state state
 Strength
test
Proctor compaction
test
1.
The proctor compaction test are
used to determine the optimum
moisture content for soil. This
test especially useful when
2.
determine the relationship
between water content and dry
unit weight of soils to establish
the maximum density of soil.
California bearing
ratio test
The California bearing ratio (CBR) is
a penetration test for evaluation of
the mechanical strength of road
subgrades and basecourses. It was
developed by the California
Department of Transportation.
The test is performed by measuring
the pressure required to penetrate a
soil sample with a plunger of
standard area. The measured
pressure is then divided by the
pressure required to achieve an
equal penetration on a standard
crushed rock material.
 Oven dry soil Sieve analysis Sieve 20mm
Soil from site

After compaction
compaction Sample
Mixing the soil
preparation

Sample soaked Cbr testing

 SIEVE ANALYSIS TEST
Sieve Weight Sieve Weight Cumulati Mass Percent
size sieve retained sample ve mass passing age (%)
(mm)
28 - - - - 3986 100
20 1348 2058 710 710 3276 82.2
14 1120 1476 356 1066 2920 73.3
10 1086 1450 364 1430 2556 64.1
6.3 1094 1556 462 1892 2094 52.5
2.0 474 1262 788 2680 1306 32.8
1.18 428 658 230 2910 1076 27.0
0.425 370 810 440 3350 636 16.0
0.300 356 542 186 3536 450 11.3
0.212 344 570 226 3762 224 5.62
0.150 346 454 108 3870 116 2.91
0.075 338 432 94 3964 22 0.55
0.063 334 348 14 3978 8 0.20
pan 248 256 8 3986 0 0
Sieve analysis graph
 SIEVE ANALYSIS
PERCENTAGE

SAND GRAVEL
32.77 67.24

FINE MEDIUM COARSE FINE MEDIUM COARSE

5.42 21.38 5.77 19.77 29.65 17.81

PERCENTAGE
FINE SAND
17.81 5.42 MEDIUM SAND
21.38 COARSE SAND
5.77 FINE GRAVEL
29.65
19.77 MEDIUM GRAVEL
COARSE GRAVEL
 ATTERBERG LIMIT TEST
Liquid limit data

Test 1 2 3 4
number
Cone 10. 9.7 7.5 16. 16.1 15.2 20. 20.4 19.9 19.3 20.9 21.
penetration 0 0 0 6 0 1
(mm)
Average 9.07 15.97 20.10 20.43
penetration
Container 1 2 3 4
no.
Wet soil & 22.73 26.58 22.76 22.89
container (g)
Dry soil & 20.51 23.32 20.20 20.14
container (g)
Container(g) 9.52 9.30 9.47 9.37
Dry soil (g) 10.99 14.02 10.73 10.77
Moisture 13.21 17.28 13.29 13.52
loss(g)

Moisture 20.20 23.25 23.86 25.53

content (g)
Liquid limit graph
 Plastic limit data

Test number 1 2 3
Container no. 1 2 3
Wet soil & container 10.98 10.78 10.63
(g)
Dry soil & container 10.82 10.62 10.48
(g)
Container (g) 9.51 9.57 9.41
Dry soil (g) 1.31 1.05 1.07
Moisture loss (g) 1.47 1.21 1.22
Moisture content 12.21 15.24 14.02
(%)
Average (%) 13.82
Liquid limit 24.7 % when pentration is 20mm

Plastic limit 13.82 % average moisture content

Plasticity 10.88 %
index
 Proctor test
optim um m oisture content result
13.5
13
12.5
12
optimu
11.5 m
moistur
11 e
10.5 content

optim um m oisture content

0 2.000000 4.000000
00000000 00000000
11E-2 22E-2
6.000000 8.000000 0.1
00000000 00000000
32E-2 43E-2
 California
Bearing Ratio
test result

CBR Value
0 2.000000 4.000000
00000000 00000000
11E-2 22E-2
6.000000 8.000000 0.1
00000000 00000000
32E-2 43E-2

CBR Value
80
60
40
CBR
20 Value

0
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION

Based on the laboratory tests, the effects of chemical

stabilization on subgrade layer using solcrete have been
examined. It is shown from the laboratory test results :

The percentage of optimum moisture content has increase when

the addition the percentage solcrete usage on soil.
The percentage of california bearing ratio on raw soil not justified
as JKR specs requirement which is 10% acceptable value for CBR
but when the addition of solcrete react on soil the percentage CBR
has been increase over than JKR specs requirement .