STEP 4: Path Calculation

Making sure that the received

signal will be above threshold level
often this level is the fade margin
(FM) improvement threshold of the
FM receiver. To this level a margin
is set for signal fading under all
anticipated climatic condition.
1
FAR-FIELD (Fraunhoper Region)

2
NEAR-FIELD (Fresnel
Region)
Energy is not uniform across the antenna in
this region and does not have a fixed value
with distance but varies a mean value.
radius = r
if, > 25 (far field condition)
< 25 (near field condition)
=

3
where:

= wavelength
d = antenna-reflector separation
a = effective (projected) area of reflector
a = A cos (
A = actual area
= induced angle between incident and
reflected waves (direct and redirected) waves

4
PARABOLIC DISH GAIN
G = 0.55 () with 55% efficiency
=
G = 0.55 ()
If,
diameter, d ft therefore C ft/sec
f GHz

5
G=
0.55 (x 10 Hz)
= 10)+ 20

= + 20log

6
BILLBOARD (Flat Passive)
= ( )

A=actualarea If,
=/2 fGHz
=c/f Aft
ft/sec
=[x10)]

G= 20log[]+ 20logA + 20logcos + 20log

7
FREE SPACE LOSS
FSL=() If,
D-km
f-GHz
C-km/sec
FSL=(
FSL=20log()+20log+20log

FSL= 92.4 + 20log + 20log

FM=
+ + - FSL
Sample Problem
In a microwave communication system, free
space conditionmaybeassumed.Thedistance
betweenthetransmitterandthereceiveris5000Km,the
frequencyusedis2000MHz.Thetransmittingantenna
gainis15dB,andthereceivingantennagainis45dB.
Calculate(a)thefree-spacetransmissionloss,(b)the
receiverpowerwhenthetransmittedpoweris200W.

5/11/17 2003,JHMcClellan&RWSchafer 9
Solution
(a)FSdB = 32.5 + 20log10 dKm + 20log10fMHz
FSdB=32.5+20log10(5000)+20log10(2000)
FSdB=172.5dB

(b)Pr/Pt=GTGR(/4d2)2
(Pr/Pt)dB=GT(dB)+GR(dB)-FSL(dB)
=15+45172.5
(Pr/Pt)dB=-112.5dB
Pr/Pt=log-1(-112.5/10)
Pr/Pt=5.62x10-12
P =5.62x10
5/11/17 -12
(200W)=1.12nW
2003,JHMcClellan&RWSchafer 10