Microelectronics

Circuit Analysis and Design

Donald A. Neamen

Chapter 12

Feedback and Stability

Neamen Microelectronics, 4e Chapter 12-1

McGraw-Hill
In this chapter, we will:

Obtain the transfer function of the ideal feedback

system.
Analyze the four ideal feedback circuit
configurations.
seriesshunt feedback amplifiers.
shuntseries feedback amplifiers.
series-series feedback amplifiers.
shuntshunt feedback amplifiers.
Derive the loop-gain of ideal and practical
feedback circuits and determine the stability
criteria of feedback circuits.

Neamen Microelectronics, 4e Chapter 12-2

McGraw-Hill
 Advantages of Negative Feedback

1. Gain Sensitivity variations in gain is

reduced.
2. Bandwidth Extension larger than that of
basic amplified.
3. Noise Sensitivity may increase S-N ratio.
4. Reduction of Nonlinear Distortion
5. Control of Impedance Levels input and
output impedances can be increased or
decreased.

Neamen Microelectronics, 4e Chapter 12-3

McGraw-Hill
Disadvantages of Negative Feedback

1. Circuit Gain reduced compared to that of

basic amplifier.
2. Stability possibility that feedback circuit will
become unstable and oscillate at high
frequencies.

Neamen Microelectronics, 4e Chapter 12-4

McGraw-Hill
 Configuration of Feedback Amplifier

A A
Af
1 A 1 T

Neamen Microelectronics, 4e Chapter 12-5

McGraw-Hill
 Gain Versus Frequency

Neamen Microelectronics, 4e Chapter 12-6

McGraw-Hill
 Noise Sensitivity

Neamen Microelectronics, 4e Chapter 12-7

McGraw-Hill
 Reduction of Nonlinear Distortion

Neamen Microelectronics, 4e Chapter 12-8

McGraw-Hill
 Basic Feedback Configurations

Neamen Microelectronics, 4e Chapter 12-9

McGraw-Hill
 Ideal Series-Shunt Feedback

Av
Avf
1 v Av

Neamen Microelectronics, 4e Chapter 12-10

McGraw-Hill
 Equivalent Circuit:
Series-Shunt Feedback Circuit

Ro
Rof
1 v Av

Neamen Microelectronics, 4e Chapter 12-11

McGraw-Hill
 Ideal Shunt-Series Feedback

Ai
Aif
1 i Ai

Neamen Microelectronics, 4e Chapter 12-12

McGraw-Hill
 Equivalent Circuit:
Shunt-Series Feedback Circuit

Rof (1 i Ai ) Ro

Neamen Microelectronics, 4e Chapter 12-13

McGraw-Hill
 Ideal Series-Series Feedback Circuit

Ag
Agf
1 g Ag

Neamen Microelectronics, 4e Chapter 12-14

McGraw-Hill
 Equivalent Circuit:
Series-Series Feedback Circuit

Neamen Microelectronics, 4e Chapter 12-15

McGraw-Hill
 Ideal Shunt-Shunt Feedback Circuit

Az
Azf
1 z Az

Neamen Microelectronics, 4e Chapter 12-16

McGraw-Hill
 Equivalent Circuit:
Shunt-Shunt Feedback Circuit

Neamen Microelectronics, 4e Chapter 12-17

McGraw-Hill
 Summary of Feedback Amplifier
Functions

Neamen Microelectronics, 4e Chapter 12-18

McGraw-Hill
 Op-Amp Series-Shunt Feedback
Circuit

Neamen Microelectronics, 4e Chapter 12-19

McGraw-Hill
 Discrete Series-Shunt Transistor Circuits

Neamen Microelectronics, 4e Chapter 12-20

McGraw-Hill
 Op-Amp Shunt-Series Feedback
Circuit

Neamen Microelectronics, 4e Chapter 12-21

McGraw-Hill
 Discrete
Shunt-Series
Transistor
Circuit

Neamen Microelectronics, 4e Chapter 12-22

McGraw-Hill
 Op-Amp Series-Series Feedback

Neamen Microelectronics, 4e Chapter 12-23

McGraw-Hill
 Discrete Transistor Series-Series
Circuit

Neamen Microelectronics, 4e Chapter 12-24

McGraw-Hill
 Op-Amp Shunt-Shunt Feedback

Neamen Microelectronics, 4e Chapter 12-25

McGraw-Hill
 Discrete Transistor Shunt-Shunt
Circuit

Neamen Microelectronics, 4e Chapter 12-26

McGraw-Hill
 Multistage Shunt-Shunt Feedback Circuit

Neamen Microelectronics, 4e Chapter 12-27

McGraw-Hill
 Loop Gain: Broken Loop

Neamen Microelectronics, 4e Chapter 12-28

McGraw-Hill
Loop Gain:
Broken Loop
Transistor
Circuit

Neamen Microelectronics, 4e Chapter 12-29

McGraw-Hill
 Bode Plot:
Single-Stage Common Emitter Amplifier

Neamen Microelectronics, 4e Chapter 12-30

McGraw-Hill
 Bode Plot:
Two-Stage Common Emitter Amplifier

Neamen Microelectronics, 4e Chapter 12-31

McGraw-Hill
 Bode Plot:
Three-Stage Common Emitter Amplifier

Neamen Microelectronics, 4e Chapter 12-32

McGraw-Hill
 Problem-Solving Technique:
Frequency Compensation

1. Insert dominant pole or move existing pole to

dominant pole position to stabilize circuit.
a. Assume dominant pole frequency is small
b. Determine frequency of resulting loop gain
function to achieve required phase margin
2. Set T(f) = 1 to find required dominant pole
frequency.
3. Use one of a number of techniques (e.g. Miller
compensation) to obtain required dominant
pole frequency.

Neamen Microelectronics, 4e Chapter 12-33

McGraw-Hill
 Nyquist Plot:
Two-Stage Common Emitter Amplifier

Neamen Microelectronics, 4e Chapter 12-34

McGraw-Hill
 Nyquist Plot:
Three-Stage Common Emitter Amplifier

Stable System Unstable

System

Neamen Microelectronics, 4e Chapter 12-35

McGraw-Hill
 Bode Plot:
Phase and Gain Margins

Neamen Microelectronics, 4e Chapter 12-36

McGraw-Hill
 Bode Plot:
Frequency Compensation

Neamen Microelectronics, 4e Chapter 12-37

McGraw-Hill
 Bode Plot:
Miller Compensation Capacitor

Neamen Microelectronics, 4e Chapter 12-38

McGraw-Hill