4G mobile communication system

Wireless World Research Forum defines 4G as:

A network that operates on Internet technology, combines it with other applications and
technologies such as Wi-Fi, and runs at speeds ranging from 100 Mbps (in cell-phone
networks) to 1 Gbps (in local Wi-Fi networks).

Uses 4G

Ultra-broadband Internet access

IP telephony
Gaming services
Streamed multimedia

The one term that describes 4G is MAGIC

M = Mobile multimedia
A = Anytime anywhere
G = Global mobility support
I = Integrated wireless solution
4G mobile communications standards

I. LTE
II. WiMax

I. LTE

. LTE stands for Long Term Evolution

. It evolved from an earlier 3GPP system known as the Universal Mobile
Telecommunication System (UMTS)

Goals Of LTE

To Provide a high data rate

Low latency
Packet optimized radio access technology
support packet-switched traffic with seamless mobility

How does it work?

LTE moves large packets of data and streamline the service which reduces the
 Architecture of LTE

It comprises of three main components

The User Equipment (UE)
The Evolved UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network E-UTRAN
The Evolved Packet Core (EPC)

The User Equipment

Mobile Termination (MT):This handles all the communication functions.
 The E-UTRAN (The access network)

The E-UTRAN handles the radio communications between the

mobile and the evolved packet core and just has one component,
the evolved base stations, calledeNodeBoreNB. Each eNB is a
base station that controls the mobiles in one or more cells.
LTE Mobile communicates with just one base station and one cell
at a time and there are following two main functions supported by
eNB:
The eNB sends and receives radio transmissions to all the mobiles
using the analogue and digital signal processing functions of the
LTE air interface.
The eNB controls the low-level operation of all its mobiles, by
sending them signaling messages such as handover commands.
Each eNB connects with the EPC by means of the S1 interface,
which is mainly used for signaling and packet forwarding during
handover.
 The Evolved Packet Core (EPC) (The core network)

The Home Subscriber Server (HSS) component is a central database

that contains information about all the network operator's subscribers.
The Packet Data Network (PDN) Gateway (P-GW) communicates with
the outside world i.e. packet data networks PDN, using SGi interface.
Each packet data network is identified by an access point name (APN).
The serving gateway (S-GW) acts as a router, and forwards data
between the base station and the PDN gateway.
The mobility management entity (MME) controls the high-level
operation of the mobile by means of signaling messages.
Signal is a simple inter-process communication used to notify a
process.
Traffic is the flow of data
 The Policy Control and Charging Rules Function (PCRF) is not shown
in the above diagram but it is responsible for policy control decision-
making.
The interface between the serving and PDN gateways is known
as S5/S8. This has two slightly different implementations,
namely S5 if the two devices are in the same network, and S8 if
 WiMax
WiMax stands for Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access
Is a wireless technology optimized for the delivery of IP centric services
over a wide area.
Goal Of WiMax
o Interoperability
o cost of deployment. etc.
How Does it Work?
The system has two main components:
A WiMAX tower and a WiMAX receiver.
Like Wi-Fi, WiMAX can connect directly to the Internet by sending a signal
from a WiMAX tower to a WiMAX-enabled device. A WiMAX tower, however,
can also connect to a second tower this is what allows the network to
provide long-range wireless service.
WiMAX transmitters can cover an estimated 30-mile radius whereas Wi-Fi's
range is about 100 feet. In other words, WiMAX turns many small, scattered
hot spots into one huge wireless hot spot.
The overall network may be logically divided into three parts
o Mobile Stations (MS) used by the end user to access the network.
o The access service network (ASN), which comprises one or more base
stations and one or more ASN gateways that form the radio access network
at the edge.
o Connectivity service network (CSN), which provides IP connectivity and all
the IP core network functions.

Base station (BS) The BS is responsible for providing the air interface to
the MS.
Additional functions that may be part of the BS are
o micro mobility management functions, such as handoff triggering and tunnel
establishment, radio resource management, QoS policy enforcement, traffic
classification, session management, and multicast group management.
 Access service network gateway (ASN-GW) The ASN gateway
typically acts as a layer 2 traffic aggregation point within an ASN.
Additional functions that may be part of the ASN gateway include intra-
ASN location management and paging, radio resource management, and
admission control, caching of subscriber profiles, and encryption keys and
management of mobility tunnel with base stations, foreign agent
functionality for mobile IP, and routing to the selected CSN.
Connectivity service network (CSN) The CSN provides connectivity
to the Internet, ASP(Application Service Provider), other public networks,
and corporate networks.
The CSN includes AAA(Authentication , Authorization, and Authorization )
servers that support authentication for the devices, users, and specific
services.
The CSN also provides per user policy management of QoS and security.
The CSN is also responsible for IP address management, support for
roaming between different NSPs, location management between
ASNs(Access Services Network), and mobility and roaming between ASNs.