Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
e b a e
f d c f
x and y
det A det A
Example 1- Cramer’s Rule
2x2
Solvethe system:
8x+5y=2
2x-4y=-10
So:
2 5 8 2
10 4 and
2 10
x y
42 42
2 5
10 4 8 (50) 42
x 1
42 42 42
8 2
2 10 80 4 84
y 2
42 42 42
Solution: (-1,2)
Learning objectives. By the end of this lecture
you should:
◦ Know Cramer’s rule
◦ Know more about how to solve linear equations
using matrices.
1 I 0 G0
b a a b( I 0 G0 )
C
1 1 1 b
b 1
Quiz II. Find Y using the same procedure.
Some guidance on solving mxn equation
systems.
The general problem involves m equations and n
unknowns.
Many systems of equations involve fewer equations
than variables, m<n
Some involve more equations than variables, n <
m.
In either case you cannot use matrix inversion to
characterise the solution (if it exists).
x1
Example.
0 1 1 1 x
2
1 1 0 1 x
3
Example. 1 1 1
A
1 1 1
The rank of this matrix is at most 2, but in fact
rank(A) = 1.
The rank of a matrix provides a guide to number of
solutions.
Some guidance on solving mxn equation
systems.
Note that for an nxn matrix (det A = 0) ↔ rank(A) <
n.
We can see ← from the properties of determinants.
If rank(A) < n we can add and subtract rows to
create a row of zeros. The determinant of this new
matrix is therefore 0, but by property 5 adding and
subtracting rows does not change the determinant.
So det(A) = 0.
0 1 0
A 0 2 1
0 1 1
Example. A obviously has rank of less than 3
because the third row equals the sum of the two
other rows. What is its determinant?
Some guidance on solving mxn equation
systems.