Common

Relationships
among Organisms
BY: TAYLOR TRUMBETTE
Commensalism

A symbiotic relationship between two organisms of

different species in which one derives some benefit
while the other is unaffected.
 Remora fish and Sharks

The Remora fish forms a relationship with

sharks and other animals. It attaches itself
to the bodies of sharks and uses the shark
for transportation and protection while
eating the scraps of food that are left over
from the shark when it eats its prey.

N.p., n.d. Web.

 Monarch butterfly and Milkweed

Monarch butterflies form relationships

with certain species of milkweeds. The
milkweeds contain a poisonous chemical
known as cardiac glycoside that is harmful
to almost all vertebrates. The butterfly
stores these poisonous chemicals in its
body throughout its lifespan. When a bird
eats a Monarch butterfly it gets sick. The
butterfly doesnt harm the milkweed in
anyway.

How Home Gardeners Can Save The Monarch Butterfly." Big Blog Of
Gardening. N.p., n.d. Web. 13 May 2014.
 Barnacles and Whales
The barnacles are a type of crustacean that
cannot move on their own so they stick to
things such as shells, rocks or whales and
grow on the surface. The barnacle catch food
floating in the water around them and also
have their own transportation , and does not
harm the whale.

"Grey Whale Photo." Ocean Wide Images. N.p., n.d. Web. 13 May
2014
 Cattle Egrets and Livestock
The cattle egret eats the insects
walk among cattle or other live
stock and eat up the insects hiding
under vegetation close to the
ground that gets stirred up when
the cattle walks through them.

"COMMENSALISM." Temperate Grassland/Prairie. N.p., n.d.

Web.
 Orchids that Grow on Branches of
Trees
Orchids belong to a family of flowering
plants that form relationships with trees. It
is a epiphytic plant that grows on the
branches or trunks of other trees. Orchids
are usually found in dense tropical forests
they benefit by getting sunlight and
nutrition that flows down the branches.

"Welcome to TimLaman.com." Wildlife Photojournalist Tim Laman.

Tim Laman, n.d. Web. 13 May 2014.
Emperor Shrimp and Sea
Cucumbers
Emperor shrimp is a small
crustacean that is usually found in
the Indo-Pacific region that usually
ride on the tops of sea cucumbers.
The shrimp get protection and
transportation to move in larger
areas in search of food, without
spending any energy on their own.
They travel with the sea cucumber
and get off for food and get back on
for more transportation.
Mutualism

A mutualistic relationship is when two organisms of

different species "work together," each benefiting
from the relationship.
 Bee and the Flower

Bees fly from flower to flower

gathering nectar, which they make into
food, benefiting the bees. While also
benefitting the flower because when
the bee lands on a flower it collects
pollen on its body and as it continues
to jump from flower pollinating it.

"Bees and Flowers." Bees and Flowers. Bees N Wasps, n.d. Web.
13 May 2014.
 Spider crab and Algae.

Spider crabs live in shallow areas of

the ocean floor, and the greenish-
brown algae lives on the crabs'
backs, making the crabs blend in
with their environment, and
unnoticeable to predators. The
algae gets a place to live, and the
crab gets camouflage.

"Common Spider Crab by Mark Brown." PBase. N.p., n.d.

Web. 13 May 2014.
 Bacteria and Humans

humans cannot digest all of the food that it eats.

The bacteria eat the food that the human cannot
digest and digest it themselves , allowing humans
to finish the job. The bacteria benefit by getting
food, and the human benefits by being able to
digest the food it eats.

"Healthy Living." : Gut Bacteria Outnumber Human

Cells. N.p., n.d. Web. 13 May 2014
Hermit Crab and Sea Anemone

The anemone attached to the

shell provides camouflage,
protection, and food. When
the crab outgrows its shell, it
will leave it behind and find a
new shell and transfer the
anemone on to it or select a
larger anemone

"Common Hermit Crab (Pagurus Bernhardus)."

Common Hermit Crab Photo. Arkive.org, n.d. Web. 13
May 2014.
 Sea Anemone and Clown Fish

"Relationship Protects from Predators:

Clownfish, Anemones." Ask Nature. Ask Nature,
n.d. Web. 13 May 2014.
Clownfish gain protection from predators The
tentacles contain harpoon-like stinging
capsules called nematocysts that the
anemones employ to capture prey and ward
off predators and If you remove the clownfish,
large butterfly fishes will eat the anemone.
 Tortoises and Finches

Tortoises are able to survive for

months without water. When it
rains they join together at
waterholes to drink. Here finches
gather to pick and eat the parasitic
insects from the tortoise skin. The
finches clean the turtoises while
they get transportation.

Symbiosis between Tortoises and Finches." BBC News. BBC, n.d.

Web. 13 May 2014.
Parasitism

A relationship between two organisms where one is usually

harmed and the other gets benefits from the relationship.
Parasites are smaller than their host organism and can reproduce
quicker, causing more damage to the host
 Ticks and Deer

Ticks attach themselves to a warm-blooded

body and suck blood until they are full. Ticks
also carry Lyme's disease which can be deadly.
The tick benefits from eating the animal's
blood. the animal suffers from the loss of blood
and nutrients and may get sick.

"Ecology." Ecology. N.p., n.d. Web. 13 May 2014.

Fleas and Animals

When fleas bite they take a little drink of its

blood a few bites here and there are not a big
deal but a severe flea infestation on an animal
can result in a very large amount of blood loss
and anemia. This can be life-threatening if not
quickly treated .
Tapeworms and humans

Tapeworms get into the body when someone

eats or drinks something that's infected with a
worm or its eggs. the tapeworms head
attaches to the inner wall of the intestines. The
tapeworm feeds off the food that the host is
digesting. It uses this nutrition to grow.

"Clinton Parkway." Intestinal Parasites. N.p., n.d.

Web. 13 May 2014
 The Phorid Fly and the Leaf-Cutter
Ant
When leaf-cutter ants are collecting leaves, a
phorid fly attacks it and lays its eggs on the
worker ant's head. When the eggs hatch, its
larvae burrows into the ant's body and starts
feeding on it from inside, eventually killing it

"Leaf-cutter Ant." Leaf-cutter Ant. Arkive, n.d.

Web. 13 May 2014.
 Ocean sunfish and its numerous
parasites
The ocean sunfish plays host to as many as 40
parasitic species in the ocean, including
flatworms and roundworms. While some of
these parasites are found on its body, others
reside within it.

"Ocean Sunfish." Animal Facts and Information. Bioexpedition.com,

n.d. Web. 13 May 2014.
 Catalpa Worm and tiny wasp
larvae
Adult wasps sting the caterpillar, injecting
their eggs. They then hatch and devour
the caterpillar from the inside. Eventually
they emerge and spin cocoons of silk.
Oxpeckers

These birds have very short legs and sharp

claws, which aid them in perching on the
backs of large mammals . Oxpeckers use their
broad, thick, laterally flattened beaks to pick
at and feed on skin parasites such as ticks and
embedded larvae. They also pick at scabs,
often opening and enlarging wounds and
obtain nourishment from them
Bedbugs
Bed bugs are small, flat, parasitic insects that feed
on the blood of people and animals while they
sleep. infestations usually occur around or near
the areas where people sleep. Bite responses can
range from any sign of the bite, to a small bite
mark, to a serious allergic reaction. Bed bugs are
not considered to be dangerous but any allergic
reaction to several bites may need medical
attention.
 Citation
http://www.buzzle.com/articles/examples-of-commensalism.html
http://www.bigblogofgardening.com/home-gardeners-can-save-the-monarch-butte
rfly-with-milkweed
/
http://amanjotkaur.yolasite.com/symbiotic-relationships.php
http://www.timlaman.com/#/photo-galleries/biodiversity-hotspots/MM6854_0023
http://www.eco-divers.com/galleries/v/peterlange/11.jpg.html
http://
www.necsi.edu/projects/evolution/co-evolution/mutualistic/co-evolution_mutualist
ic.html

http://
healthy-livingg.blogspot.com/2012/09/gut-bacteria-outnumber-human-cells.html
http://
www.liveaquaria.com/product/prod_display.cfm?c=497+501+624&pcatid=624
http://
www.arkive.org/common-hermit-crab/pagurus-bernhardus/image-A24765.html