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Ecology Unit Jeopardy

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FINAL
Category A 100
1). What is the difference between operant
conditioning and classical conditioning and who are
the men who made new discoveries in each?
Operant conditioning: a stimulus is given and through trial and error learning a reward or
punishment is given. Example: Skinner box, rats trained through reward and punishment.

Classical conditioning: a learning process that occurs when two stimuli are repeatedly
paired;connection between reflex behavior to an associated stimulus.gen, only nitrogen,
methane, ammonia, and water vapor.
Category A 200

2). What is the difference between innate behavior,


and learned behavior,and they are both examples of
what kind of behavior?
Innate behavior: it is not learned but is instinct, inherited or
developmentally fixed.

Learned behaviors: the species has to see the action, can learn from other
species, but not always. example: Associative learning, or learning to
associate one feature of the environment ( stimulus) with another.

Social behaviors: contest for resources developed as evolutionary


adaptations.
Category A 300
The definition of both a fixed action pattern and sign
stimulus, and one reason why they are both connected.
Fixed action patterns: a sequence of behaviors that are unchangeable and
the animal has no choice.

Sign stimulus: what ever triggers the fixed action, is the sign stimulus.

The fixed action cannot happen without the sign stimulus therefore there
connected by the fact one can't happen without the other.
Category A 400

What is the definition of habituation and an example


of it?
Habituation: loss of response to stimulus, learn not to respond to
repeated occurrence of stimulus. Example if after Ivan dogs had
gone through classical conditioning, they were not feed when the bell
rang then the dogs would no longer salivate whenever they heard the
bell ring. They would eventually, overtime, become habituated to it.
Category A 500
Solve this growth rate question.
*Growth rate: rate= r, birth = B, death = D, total population = N
r = birth/ total population - death/ total population.
Dogs
The birth rate is 20 and the death rate is 15, the total
population is 50. What is the growth rate?

B/N - D/N = 20/50 - 15/50 = 20-15/50 = 20/ 50 =


0.4, 15/50 = 0.3, 0.4 -0.3 = 0.1
Category B 100

What is the chemical called that a


species uses as a communication signal?

Pheromone
Category B 200

What were Karl Von Frisch and


Konrad Lorenz known for? (need
to know each)
Karl Von Frisch- Studied honeybee communication and is famous
for bee waggle dance
Konrad Lorenz- studied imprinting in geese
Category B 300

What are the four types of


communication signals an animal
can use and give an example of
each?
Chemical- pheromone (honeybee alarm)
Acoustical- attract mates or give alarms
Visual- Bird courtship (pose) or threat displays
Tactile- info transmitted by touch (honeybee dance)
Category B 400
How does living in a group cost
an individual? (three examples)
Competition for food/resources
Can get diseases easily
Competition for mates
Category B 500

What is an eusocial animal


and give an example of it?
An eusocial animal is a
multigenerational family group that
reproduce together. An example of
one is honeybees, termites, mole-rats,
and ants.
Category C 100
What are all of the types of species interactions and each
of their definitions?
Commensalism, mutualism, competition, and parasitic/predation/ herbivory.

Commensalism- One species benefits and the other is neither benefited nor harmed.

Mutualism- A mutualistic interaction benefits both partners.

Competition- when two species require the same limited resources to survive to reproduce,the better competitor will
drive the less competitive species to Extinction.

Parasitic- One species benefits by feeding on another, they reduce the reproductive rate of the hosts individuals by
withdrawing nutrients from them.

Predation- when one species (the Predator) captures, kills, and eats another species(The Prey.)
Herbivory- an animal that feeds on plants.

Parasitism (brood parasitism, parasitoids)- One species benefits by feeding on another, they reduce the
reproductive rate of the hosts individuals by withdrawing nutrients from them.
Category C 200

What are three types of parasites and parasitoids, And


what are the differences between them?
Parasitism is when one species benefits by feeding on another, they reduce
the reproductive rate of the hosts individuals by withdrawing nutrients from
them.

Blood parasitism, is when one species benefits by having another raise its
Offspring, they reduce the reproductive rate of host by tricking them into
caring for young that are not their own.

Parasitoids: Insects that lay their eggs in other insects, they reduce the
number of host organisms by preventing reproduction and eventually killing
the host.
Category C 300
Which species out of the three given is one that if
removed from the ecosystem, the environment would
change drastically and maybe even disasterly?
a). Keystone species: Disportionately large effect on the community relative to its
abundance,they change over time.

b). Indicator species: The first to do poorly when conditions change; can provide an early
warning of a environmental degradation.

c). Exotic species: president of an established community that dispersed from its home range and
became established elsewhere.

a). Keystone species: Disportionately large effect on the


community relative to its abundance, they change over time.
Category C 400
Which answer has the definition; Evolutionary pattern
in which one species comes to resemble another. What
is the definition of the other word?
a). Mimicry
b). Camouflage
Mimicry: Evolutionary pattern in which one species comes to
resemble another.

The other is - Camouflage: change in a body shape, color


pattern or behavior that allows an individual to blend into its
surroundings and avoid detection.
Category C 500
What is another name for symbiosis, the definition,
example of where symbiotic relationships can occur, and
the three major types of it?

Species interactions, is another name for symbiosis, symbiosis is


when a species is living together and refers to a relationship which
two species have a prolonged close association that benefits one of
them. Symbiotic relationships can occur either in an organism's
body or outside of it.

The three major types of it are:


mutualism, commensalism, and parasitism.
Category D 100

What does the first trophic level consist of?

Primary Producers
Category D 200

Where does the energy go in a


grazing food web?
Herbivores
DAILY DOUBLE - Category D

What is a land area that drains into a stream


or river?

Watershed
Category D 400

What is the main reservoir in the


nitrogen cycle?
The atmosphere
Category D 500

What are the three parts of the


phosphorus cycle?

Rocks, Waters, and food webs


Category E 100

What is a permafrost?

A frozen soil layer; lies beneath arctic


tundra
Category E 200

Describe a thermocline?

A layer that prevents warm top water and cool


bottom water from mixing.
Category E 300

How are biomes characterized?

Climate and dominant vegetation


Category E 400

What is the difference of El Nino


and La Nina?
El nino is the warming of equatorial pacific and
La Nina is the cooling. ection.
Category E 500
Name three biomes and explain each.
Desert- Biome with little rain and low humidity; plants have water-storing and water-
conserving adaptations. Grassland- Biome in the interior of continents where grasses
and nonwoody plants adapted to grazing and fire predominant. Dry Shrubland- Biome
dominated by a diverse array of fire-adapted shrubs; occurs in regions with cool
winters and dry summers. Dry woodland- Biome dominated by short trees that do not
completely shade the ground; occurs in regions with cool, wet winters and a dry
summer. Temperate deciduous forest- Northern hemisphere biome in which the main
plants are broadleaf trees that lose their leaves in fall and become dormant during cold
winters. Tropical rainforest- Highly productive and species-rich biome in which year-
round rains and warmth support continuous growth of evergreen broadleaf trees.
Boreal forest- Extensive High-latitude forest of the northern hemisphere; conifers are
the predominant vegetation. Alpine tundra- Biome of low- growing, wind-tolerant
plants adapted to high-altitude conditions. Arctic tundra- Highest-latitude northern
hemisphere biome, where low, cold-tolerant plants survive with only a brief growing
season.
FINAL JEOPARDY!
Draw and label the three types of
selection and describe who is favored in
each.
1. Directional Selection graph moves over because the
organisms at one extreme is favored.
2. Stabilizing Selection graph squishes to the center
because the average organisms are favored.
3. Disruptive Selection graph has two humps because
both extremes are favored.

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