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This document discusses an investigation of wastewater treatment at a dairy plant in Jordan. It provides background on dairy wastewater characteristics and sources. The plant treats an average of 15 tons of wastewater per day using neutralization, flocculation, and rotating biological contactors. Analysis finds the untreated wastewater contains high levels of BOD, COD, TSS, phosphorus, and nitrogen. Recommendations are provided to reduce wastewater, such as improving equipment maintenance and installation of controls to prevent spills.
Originalbeschreibung:
Investigation on Dairy Wastewater Treatment in Some Dairy Factories in Jordan
Originaltitel
Investigation on Dairy Wastewater Treatment in Some Dairy Factories in Jordan
This document discusses an investigation of wastewater treatment at a dairy plant in Jordan. It provides background on dairy wastewater characteristics and sources. The plant treats an average of 15 tons of wastewater per day using neutralization, flocculation, and rotating biological contactors. Analysis finds the untreated wastewater contains high levels of BOD, COD, TSS, phosphorus, and nitrogen. Recommendations are provided to reduce wastewater, such as improving equipment maintenance and installation of controls to prevent spills.
This document discusses an investigation of wastewater treatment at a dairy plant in Jordan. It provides background on dairy wastewater characteristics and sources. The plant treats an average of 15 tons of wastewater per day using neutralization, flocculation, and rotating biological contactors. Analysis finds the untreated wastewater contains high levels of BOD, COD, TSS, phosphorus, and nitrogen. Recommendations are provided to reduce wastewater, such as improving equipment maintenance and installation of controls to prevent spills.
of the dairy plants in Jordan Presented by Ahmad Alzubaidi Introduction The dairy industry involves processing raw milk into products such as consumer milk, butter, cheese, yogurt, condensed milk, dried milk (milk powder), using processes such as chilling, pasteurization, and homogenization. Water has been a key processing medium used for different processes like cleaning, sanitization, heating, cooling, floor washing Waste waters produced is estimated to be 2% of the total milk production which is wasted into drains Introduction Dairy effluents contain dissolved sugars and proteins, fats, and possibly residues of additives. key parameters are (BOD), with an average ranging from 0.8 to 2.5 kilograms per metric ton (kg/t) of milk in the untreated effluent; (COD), which is normally about 1.5 times the BOD level; TSS at 1001,000 milligrams per liter (mg/l); phosphorus (10100 mg/l), and nitrogen (about 6% of the BOD level). Cream, butter, cheese, and whey production are major sources of BOD in wastewater. Introduction Pretreatment of effluents consists of screening, flow equalization, neutralization, and followed by biological treatment which is in our case (rotating biological contactors). Introduction The waste load equivalents of specific milk constituents are: 1 kg of milk fat = 3 kg COD; 1 kg of lactose = 1.13 kg COD; and 1 kg protein = 1.36 kg COD The wastewater contains pathogens from contaminated materials or production processes. A dairy often generates odors and, in some cases, dust, which need to be controlled. Case Study This study has been performed at one of the dairy plants in Ayn Albasha Town-Near Bab Amman District. The data which have been collected from the site visit only include the amounts of water being treated on average daily basis . The other data( BOD , COD , TSS ) will be taken from the literature. WW in this Diary plant results from (cleaning , rinsing , Disposal of products , Soda-Acid circle , water circle on each machine) Plan View for the Dairy Plant Case Study The Max treated amount of Diary wastewater in this plant each day = 18 ton. The Avg treated amount of Diary wastewater in this plant each day = 15 ton. Every day , there are 4 times of rinsing The Area of the rinsed floor = 12 donum There are about 30 machines Problem Statement and Objectives The dairy industry is considered as one of the most polluting of industries, in terms of the volume of effluent generated, and in its characteristics. It generates about 0.210 liters of effluent per liter of processed milk , with an average generation of about 2.5 liters of wastewater per liter of the milk processed. As a case study , this research is about to discuss a certain dairy plant.
The Objective is to decrease the amount of dairy WW as
much as possible . Collection Ground Basin ( Prior to treatment) Neutralization Basins & Pre- Biological treatment flocculators Full View Rotating biological contactors Rotating biological contactors Post- biological flocculators Post-Biological treatment flocculator Biological Treatment ( Both Suspended & Attached) Collection Basin ( Directly disposes to PWW network) Collection Basin ( Directly disposes to PWW network) Collection Basin ( Directly disposes to PWW network) Analysis and Discussion The amount of BOD produced in the untreated effluent each day(Avg) = ((0.8+2.5)/2)*15=24.75 kg of BOD The amount of COD produced in the untreated effluent each day(Avg) =24.75*1.5= 37.125 kg of COD TSS level = (100+1000)/2 = 550 mg/l Phosphorus level = (10+1000/2=55 mg/l Nitrogen level = ( 6/100)*BOD=1.485 kg / day So , In order to reduce these amounts , there are some suggestions need to be considered. Recommendations ( In order to decrease the dairy waste ) 1. Instruction of plant personnel concerning the proper operation and handling of dairy processing equipment. Major losses are due to poorly maintained equipment and to negligence by inadequately trained and insufficiently supervised personnel. 2. The carrying out of a study of the plant and the development of a material balance to determine where losses occur. Modification and replacement of ill- functioning equipment. Where improper maintenance is the cause of losses, a specific maintenance programme should be set up. Recommendations ( In order to decrease the dairy waste ) 3. The use of adequate equipment for receiving, cooling, storing and processing of milk, so as to take care of the maximum volume of flush production and of special products. All piping, around storage tanks and other areas, should be checked on mis-assembly and damage that may lead to leakage.
4. Accurate temperature control on plate, tubular and surface
coolers to prevent freeze-on, which may result in loss of products.
5. Elimination of valves on the outlet sides of internal tubular or
plate heaters and coolers and maintenance of plates and gaskets in good repair so as to eliminate waste due to blown or broken gaskets Recommendations ( In order to decrease the dairy waste ) 6. Installation of suitable liquid level controls with automatic pump stops, alarms, and other devices at all points where overflows could occur (storage tanks, processing tanks, filler bowls etc).
7. Keeping in good order of vats, tanks and pipelines so as to
eliminate and reduce to a minimum the number of leaky joints, gaskets, packing glands and rotary seals.
8. Proper design and installation of vats and tanks at a level high
enough above the floor for easy drainage and rinsing if hand cleaned. Tanks should be pitched to insure draining. Recommendations ( In order to decrease the dairy waste ) 9. Correct connections on plate type heat exchangers so as to avoid milk being pumped into the water side of the exchanger or water being pumped into the milk side.
10. Provision and use of proper drip shields on surface
coolers and fillers so as to avoid that products reach the floor. Avoidance of cheese vats, vat processors or cooling tanks being overfilled so that no spillage occurs during product agitation. The liquid level in cheese vats should be at least three inches below the top-edge of the vat. Recommendations ( In order to decrease the dairy waste ) 11. Avoidance of foaming of fluid dairy products, since foam readily runs over processing vats and other supply bowls and contains large amounts of solids and BOD. The use of air tight separators, proper seals on pumps and proper line connections to prevent inflow of air when lines are under partial vacuum, will avoid foam production.
12. Turning off of water hoses when not in use. Use
should be made of hoses equipped with automatic shut- off valves so as to avoid excessive water usage. References http://www.fao.org/wairdocs/lead/x Wastewater Produced by Some Dairy Plants in Jordan , Saleh Shakhatreh, Kholoud Al-Ajlouni, Nada Al-Ananzeh. PERFORMANCE EVALUATION AND BIOLOGICAL TREATMENT OF DAIRY WASTE WATER TREATMENT PLANT BY UPFLOW ANAEROBIC SLUDGE BLANKET REACTOR R.V.KAVITHA , SHIVA KUMAR , SURESH R2 & V. KRISHNAMURTHY. https://www.aqua- reat.com/ref_wastewater_treatment_plants.shtml