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Faradays Law:
The Best Law in the Entire
Universe
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Announcements
Math Review Week Ten Tuesday from 9-11 pm in 26-152
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Outline
Faradays Law
Applications of Faradays Law
Problem Solving
Experiment 3: Faradays Law
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Faradays Law of Induction
d B
I induced
dt
Changing magnetic flux
induces a current
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Demonstration:
Induction
and Simulation of Induction
http://tsgphysics.mit.edu/front/?page=demo.php&letnum=H%203&show=0
http://peter-edx.99k.org/FaradaysLaw.html
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Demo: Electromagnetic Induction
http://tsgphysics.mit.edu/front/?page=demo.php&letnum=H%203&show=0
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Demonstration: Magnet Falling
Through Plastic Tube and
Aluminum Tube
http://tsgphysics.mit.edu/front/?page=demo.php&letnum=H%2016&show=0
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Demonstration: Jumping Ring
An aluminum ring
jumps into the air
when the solenoid
beneath it is
energized
http://tsgphysics.mit.edu/front/?page=demo.php&letnum=H%2022&show=0
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What is Going On?
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Magnetic Flux Thru Wire Loop
Analogous to Electric Flux (Gauss Law)
(1) Uniform B
B B A BAc o s BA
(2) Non-Uniform B
B BdA
S
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Concept Question: Loop in Uniform Field
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Concept Q.: Loop in Uniform Field
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Electromotive Force (EMF)
E ds
closd path
IR
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Minus Sign? Lenzs Law
d B
dt
Induced EMF is in direction that opposes
the change in flux that caused it
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Sign Conventions: Right Hand Rule
d
closed path
Eds
dt opensurface
BdA
Integration direction
clockwise for line
integral requires that unit
normal points into page
for open surface integral
Magnetic flux positive
into page, negative out
of page
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Sign Conventions: Right Hand Rule
d
closed path
Eds
dt opensurface
BdA
Integration direction
counterclockwise for line
integral requires that unit
normal points out of
page for open surface
integral
Magnetic flux positive
out of page, negative
into page 18
Concept Question: Loop
The magnetic field through
a wire loop is pointed
upwards and increasing
with time. The induced
current in the coil is
1. Clockwise
2. Counterclockwise
3. Neither, the current is zero
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Concept Q. Answer: Moving Loop
Answer: 1. Induced current is
clockwise
B due to I is into page; the flux
through the circuit due to that field
decreases as the circuit moves
away. So the induced current is
clockwise (to make a B into the
page)
Note: Iind dl x B force is left on the left segment and
right on the right, but the force on the left is bigger.
So the net force on the rectangular circuit is to the
left, again trying to keep the flux from decreasing by
slowing the circuits motion 22
Concept Question: Faradays Law:
Loop
A coil moves up from
underneath a magnet
with its north pole
pointing upward. The
current in the coil and
the force on the coil:
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Ways to Induce EMF
d
dt
BAcos
Quantities which can vary with time:
Magnitude of B
Area A enclosed by the loop
Angle between B and normal vector to loop
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Problem: Changing Area
Conducting rod pulled along two conducting rails in a
uniform magnetic field B at constant velocity v
d
C
E ds
dt S
BdA
http://peter-edx.99k.org/FaradaysLaw.html
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