USHC-5 Lecture Slides

TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas.
USHC Standard 5: The student will

develop an understanding of domestic
and foreign developments that
contributed to the emergence of the
United States as a world power in the
20th century
USHC 5.1 Analyze the development of American

expansionism, including the change from isolationism to
intervention and the rationales for imperialism based on Social
Darwinism, expanding capitalism, and domestic tensions.
In his Farewell Address, President Washington advised
America to steer clear of entangling alliances, due to
domestic interests and limited military capacity
American expansionism changed in the late 19th century
Formerly for land hunger, now to secure markets
Alaska in 1867 was the last land to be added to the U.S.
Alaska
(Purchased 1867Statehood 1959)
Secretary of State William Seward purchased

Alaska from Russia for $7.2 million
Critics mocked Sewards Icebox and Sewards Folly
as a useless frozen tundra
Valuable resources, including timber, and oil, were found

Alaska later discovered Gold in 1896
Alaska also doubled the size of Americas territory
Alaska was the

last land to be
added as a state
(1959)
Hawaii (1898)
In the 1790s, American planters established sugar cane

plantations in Hawaii. Planters later gained control
In 1893, U.S. sugar cane planters, along with U.S.

Marines, overthrew the Queen and took over Hawaii
Reason was to avoid paying tariffs on shipments to U.S.
President McKinley backed annexation when he took

office. In 1898, Congress voted to annex Hawaii
American Imperialism
The policy of extending the rule or authority of

an empire or nation over foreign countries
American Imperialism (continued)
Imperialist
Imperialist nations
nations looked
looked for
for
economic
economic benefits
benefits
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The U.S. moved from isolationism to intervention:
Expanding capitalism increased the need for raw
materials and new markets
Depression, strikes and farmer unrest demonstrated

some of the domestic tensions in the 1890s
Overseas markets were potential outlets for American

produce and manufactured products
This would increase demand for U.S. farm products and
ensure continuous production for U.S. factories
Importance of Naval Power
In The Influence of Sea Power Upon History,

Captain Alfred Thayer Mahan argued that many
great nations owed their greatness to naval power
Growing nationalism fostered the desire to expand U.S.
naval power: Purpose was to:
Compete with other nations
Protect trade and secure markets
Spread Christianity
Imperialists justified their actions based on

beliefs about their own racial, national, and
cultural superiority
Social Darwinism fostered the idea that Americans

were superior to other cultures and countries and
should expand to fulfill the nations destiny
Americans believed God granted the white man the

right to settle the frontier. They spoke of their
Manifest Destiny
U.S. becomes a World Power
Developments in other countries contributed to the U.S.s

emergence as a world power, including:
Competition for markets among the European nations
Fights for liberation in Latin America, especially Cuba
Expansionism led the U.S. to: spread ideas, religion and

capitalism; also initiated resentment of U.S. interference
U.S. became a world power with their involvement

in the Spanish-American War (Apr Aug 1898)
Spanish-American War
The United States expanded

overseas after 1850
1853 Commodore Matthew Perrys fleet entered Tokyo

Bay, persuading Japan to trade with the United States
1867 Secretary of State William Seward purchased Alaska

from Russia
1867 United States obtained Midway Islands in the Pacific
1898 Congress approved the annexation of Hawaii
1898 The Spanish-American War gave the U.S. control of the

Philippines, Puerto Rico, and Guam
REVIEW QUESTIONS 5.1
1. What advise did Washington give during his Farewell Address?

a. advised America to steer clear of entangling alliances
2. How did American expansionism change in the 19th century
a. Formerly for land hunger, now to secure markets.
3. Extending authority of an empire or nation over foreign countries?
a. Imperialism
4. U.S. policy moved from _____________ to ________________
a. Isolationism to Intervention
5. Expanding capitalism increased the need for?
a. Raw materials and New Markets
6. What demonstrated some of the domestic tensions?
a. Depression, strikes and farmer unrest
7. Who said great nations owed their greatness to naval power
a. Historian Alfred T. Mahan
8. Give 3 reasons America desired to expand U.S. naval power:
a. Compete with other nations -- Trade -- Spread Christianity
9. What fostered the idea Americans were superior to other cultures?
a. Social Darwinism
10. How did countries help the U.S.s emergence as a world power?
a. Competition for markets and fights to liberate Latin America
11. U.S. initiated status as a world power with their involvement in the?
a. Spanish-American War
Note Taking Study Guide
Page 142
USHC 5.2 Explain the influence of the Spanish-American

War on the emergence of the United States as a world
power, including the role of yellow journalism in the
American declaration of war against Spain, United States
interests and expansion in the South Pacific, and the
debate between pro- and anti-imperialists over annexation
of the Philippines
Involvement of the United States in the Spanish-American

War marked Americas emergence as a world power
What were the causes and effects of the

Spanish-American War?
Causes
1. American economic interests
2. Growth of a national imperialist spirit, and
3. An aggressive Yellow Press
Effects
1. United States acquired colonies, and
2. Became a world power
Yellow Press: Newspapers that used sensational

headlines and exaggerated stories to get readers
In 1895, Cuban patriot Jos Mart launched

a war for independence from Spain
Tens of The sympathetic

Spanish General thousands of Yellow Press
Valeriano Weyler rural farmers published emotional
was brutal in his died of disease headlines in the
attempts to stop and starvation in United States that
Marts guerrilla reconcentration exaggerated
attacks camps Spanish atrocities
Yellow Press: Newspapers that used sensational

headlines and exaggerated stories to get readers
Spanish-American War (Apr Aug 1898)
Involvement of the United States in the Spanish-American
War marked Americas emergence as a world power
Why did the U.S. get involved in Cuba?
Sympathy for democratic dreams of the Cuban rebels
Domestic tensions and expanding capitalism pushed the
U.S. to find new markets
Push for increased naval power
o The expanded navy helped prepare America for
involvement world-wide
Yellow Journalism leads to War
Competition for sales between rival newspapers in New

York led to sensationalism, made worse by the
Explosion of the U.S.S. Maine: Blew up near Cuba
DeLome letter: Spanish letter calling McKinley weak
Yellow journalism led to a public outcry for involvement

Headlines screamed, Remember the Maine
These factors put pressure on President McKinley to ask

Congress for a declaration of war
Initial result of the war
Expansion of U.S. with the:

Annexation of Hawaii (not related to war) and
Capture of the Philippines
These islands offered fueling stops on the way to the
markets of the Far East
Anti-Imperialists argued against annexation of the

Philippines because Filipinos could never be citizens
President McKinley said it was U.S. responsibility to govern

the Filipinos who were incapable of governing themselves
Social Darwinism and racial prejudices played a role in

both arguments and in Jim Crow laws against black voting
End of The Spanish-American War
War ended with the Treaty of Paris
The Treaty recognized U.S. ownership of the Philippines,

Wake Island, Guam and Puerto Rico and control of Cuba
The U.S. soon faced armed resistance in the Philippines
Supreme Court ruled Constitution does not follow the

flag so subject peoples did not have rights as citizens
Unlike the west, these lands were not offered statehood
Perception of the U.S. among subject peoples changed

from a champion of liberty to a colonial power, just like
Europeans
1. Why did the U.S. fight the Spanish-American War?

a. Sympathy for the democratic aspirations of the Cuban rebels
2. What pushed U.S. to find new markets and impelled involvement in the war?
a. Pressures from domestic tensions, expanding capitalism, growing Navy
3. What three external pressures led to the Spanish-American War?
a. Yellow Journalism, U.S.S. Maine explosion and the DeLome Letter.
4. Which U.S. President asked Congress for a Declaration of War with Spain?
a. President McKinley
5. What reason did McKinley give for the U.S. controlling the Philippines?
a. He said the Filipinos were incapable of governing themselves
6. What played a role in controlling the Philippines and denying citizenship
a. Social Darwinism and racial prejudices
7. What other areas did the U.S. gain after the Spanish-American War?
a. Philippines Wake Island, Guam and Puerto Rico and control of Cuba
8. What did the Supreme Court say about territories taken over by America?
1. Supreme Court ruled that the Constitution does not follow the flag so
subject peoples did not have rights as citizens
a. How did the new lands taken during the Spanish American War differ from
US Westward Expansion?
a. These new lands were not offered statehood
1. How did perception of the U.S. among subject peoples change?
a. Changed from a champion of liberty to a colonial power, like Europeans
Page 144
American Expansion in the Pacific
USHC 5.3 Summarize United States foreign policies in
different regions of the world during the early twentieth
century, including the purposes and effects of the Open
Door policy with China, the United States role in the
Panama Revolution, Theodore Roosevelts big stick
diplomacy, William Tafts dollar diplomacy, and Woodrow
Wilsons moral diplomacy and changing worldwide
perceptions of the United States.
The Great White Fleet
American Expansion in the Pacific
1899, China was being exploited by European powers
As US Foreign Policy changed from Isolationism (avoiding

the world) to Imperialism (taking over other counties);
based on the need for new markets
China and Latin America policy became more assertive
In China, European countries had special trade privileges in

areas called spheres of influence, or zones in which they
enjoyed special access to ports and markets
The U.S. did not have such a sphere
To open trade with China, U.S. issued diplomatic notes
asking that all powers allow equal opportunity to trade
This Open Door Policy, or desire for free trade

with China, guided future U.S. actions
The Boxer Rebellion
The Open Door Policy was not to help China; it did

lead to increased economic opportunity for the U.S.
Success of the Open Door Policy was due to relationship

of the U.S. with the leading world power, Great Britain
Boxer Rebellion: When Chinese nationalists called the

Boxers by Europeans, resisted foreign encroachment,
the U.S. led the multinational effort to stop the Boxer
Rebellion, further alienating the Chinese
In 1900, Chinese secret societies began attacking
foreigners and missionaries
They killed Chinese converts to Christianity
Called Boxers because they trained in martial arts

It took 20,000 soldiers, including 2,000 Americans
to put down the Boxer Rebellion
Page 146
The United States and Latin America

(19001916)
American Economic Interests in Latin America
Platt Amendment (U.S. controls Cuba)
The U.S. involvement in Latin America increased

after the Spanish American War (1898)
The Platt Amendment to the Cuban constitution

brought about American supervision over Cuban affairs
and right to lease a military base at Guantanamo Bay
The Platt Amendment made it a protectorate of

the United States, which retained the rights to:
approve or reject any treaty signed by Cuba

intervene to preserve order in Cuba
lease military bases in Cuba
Cuba finally became independent in 1902

The Panama Canal(Built 1904-1913)
Reduced travel time between Atlantic and Pacific ocean

Helped U.S. Navy ship deployments
American imperialism in Latin America was manifested
in support for the Panama Revolution, construction of the
Panama Canal and American control of the canal:
Colombia refused to accept offer for Isthmus of Panama,

so Teddy Roosevelt sent gunboats to support a revolution
The leader of the revolt signed a

treaty giving exclusive rights to
build a canal to the United States
This alienated the Colombians, but

gave the U.S. a foothold in Central
America for almost a century
Roosevelt Corollary (to the Monroe Doctrine)
Roosevelt Corollary (to the Monroe Doctrine): His

Corollary (addition), described the U.S. as a policeman to
keep Europe from intervening in the Western Hemisphere
T. Roosevelts Big Stick diplomacy increased the

profile of the United States on the world scene
The Big Stick, represented use of the U.S. military
The U.S. intervened in Central American countries

Taking over customs houses and collecting taxes to pay
trade debts to take away European excuses to invade
President Roosevelt sent the Great White Fleet on a trip

around the world to show off Americas naval Superiority
TheTEKSUnited States and Latin America
8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas.
In 1909, William Howard Taft became President.

He replaced the Big Stick, which was unpopular
among Latin Americans, with Dollar diplomacy
President Taft promised to protect U.S. businesses in

Latin America with a guarantee of U.S. intervention if
any problems arose, increasing investment and control
President Woodrow Wilson vowed to use Moral

diplomacy to intervene in Mexico to teach Mexicans to
elect good men while supporting American businessmen
Each U.S. President:

1. Involved the U.S. more in the Western Hemisphere
2. Angered the neighbors of the U.S. in the hemisphere
3. Increased Americas role in world affairs
U.S. Interventions in Latin America
1. Why did the Policy changed from isolationism to imperialism?

a. based on the need for new markets
2. Name the Chinese nationalists who resisted foreign encroachment?
a. The BoxersThe Boxer Rebellion
3. Who were the Boxers and what did they do?
a. Chinese secret society that attacked foreigners and missionaries
4. What gave the U.S. the right to set up Guantanamo Navy base in Cuba?
a. The Platt Amendment
5. How was the U.S. able to build the Panama Canal
a. Supported a revolution of Panamanian rebels against Columbia
6. What described the U.S. as policemen to control European powers
a. The Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine
7. What phrase describes Roosevelts policy in dealing with other countries?
1. Big Stick diplomacy
a. In what ways did the U.S. intervene in Central American countries?
1. Took over customs houses and collected taxes to pay trade debts
b. Why did Roosevelt send the Great White Fleet on a trip around the world?
a. To show off Americas naval superiority
c. What were Presidents Taft and Wilsons foreign policy changes called?
1. Dollar Diplomacy and Moral Diplomacy as opposed to Big Stick
d. Each U.S. President (Roosevelt, Taft and Wilson) did what three things
a. Involved in Western Hemisphere--Angered Neighbors--World Affairs
Page 149
Section 5.4
USHC 5.4 Analyze the causes and consequences of

United States involvement in World War I, including the
failure of neutrality and the reasons for the declaration of
war, the role of propaganda in creating a unified war
effort, the limitation of individual liberties, and Woodrow
Wilsons leadership in the Treaty of Versailles and the
creation of the League of Nations.
Role of nationalism and alliances in bringing about war

Nationalism: spurred competition in military strength
and led nations to establish military alliances
o Alliance = a promise of assistance when attacked
Nation refers to a group of people who share a common

language, religion, history and traditions
Not all nations had states; many were part of empires

Ethnic and idea differences led to conflict in empires
What caused World War I (1914-1918)
Nationalism, Militarism, Imperialism, and Entangling

Alliances combined to drag Europe into a world war
U.S. tried to remain neutral honoring tradition

Germanys use of unrestricted submarine
warfare led to the U.S. entering World War 1 in 1917
Militarism
Nations stockpiled new technology, including

machine guns, mobile artillery, tanks, submarines,
and airplanes
Militarism:
combined with
nationalism, led
to an arms race
Cause of World War I
The igniting incident was the assassination of Austria-
Hungary Archduke Franz Ferdinand by a Serbian
Confrontation between Austria-Hungary and Serbia

involved much of Europe due to the alliance system
Alliance: Formal agreement of mutual protection
The assassination
triggered a chain
of events that
drew two sets of
allies into a bloody
conflict
Europes alliance system caused the conflict to

spread quickly, creating two main combatants
Allied Powers: Great Britain, France, Russia, and Serbia

Central Powers: mainly Germany and Austria-Hungary
WW1 Limited U.S. Trade
The US declared neutrality at the outbreak of the war but

Germanys unrestricted use of submarines ended that
Traditional trading with Great Britain and the blockade of

German ports by the British limited US trade with Germany
US businesses made loans to the Allies to continue trade
US opinions impacted by traditional connection to England

The eras deadly defensive weapons made attacks

difficult and dangerous
Neither side could overcome the others defenses, and a
stalemate quickly developed
German use of Submarine Warfare
German use of the submarine affected public opinion and

isolated President Wilson, due to the loss of innocent lives
The German U-boat sinking of British passenger ship, the

Lusitania, brought protest from President Wilson but not
war (over 100 Americans died on the ship)
Sussex Pledge: As a result of American protests,

Germany pledged to restrict their use of the submarine
Later broke the pledge, leading to US entering WW1
Americans were angry about the Lusitania. Germany failed

to keep its promise not to sink any more passenger ships
Wilson Woodrow Wilson

wanted campaigned for
peace, but re-election on the
prepared for slogan he kept
war us out of war
REVIEW QUESTIONS 5.4 (Part 1)
1. What two things played a role in causing WW1, and explain each?
a. Nationalism and Alliances
2. People who share a common language, religion, history and traditions?
a. A Nation
3. What four things played a role in causing WW1, and explain each?
a. nationalism, militarism, imperialism, and entangling alliances
4. The igniting incident of the War was?
a. Assassination of Austria-Hungary Archduke Franz Ferdinand
5. Name the opposing Powers of WW1 and the countries that made up each.
a. Allied Powers: Britain, France, Russia, Serbia and LATER the U.S.)
Central Powers: Germany and Austria-Hungary.
6. What was the Unite States position at the start of WW1?
a. Neutrality
7. What Central Powers action affected public opinion and alienated Wilson?
a. German use of Submarines
8. What Central Powers action brought protests from President Wilson?
a. German U-boats sinking of British passenger ship, the Lusitania,
9. Wilson campaigned for re-election in 1916 on what slogan?
a. he kept us out of war.
Why America Entered World War 1
Interception and publication by the British of Germanys

Zimmerman note to Mexico impacted US public opinion
Germany requested alliance with Mexico against U.S.
Told Mexico they would get back land lost to the U.S.
Two events led President Wilson to ask Congress

to declare war on the Central Powers
1. Decision of Germany to resume unrestricted submarine
warfare
2. Wilsons desire to broker a just peace
Wilson asked Congress for a declaration of war (Apr

1917)
Wilson announced his intention to make the world safe for

democracy and later issued his 14 Points peace plan
In 1917, the United States needed to increase

the size of its army
President Wilson called for volunteers

Congress passed the Selective
Service Act (the Draft)
More than 4 million U.S. soldiers were
sent to Europe
President Wilsons 14 Point Peace Plan
Wilson proposed: freedom of the seas, end to secret

treaties, arms reduction, self-determination of peoples,
and an international peace organization
Wilsons postwar vision was: peace without victory
Because of American involvement, the last German push

on the western front in France was deflected and the
Armistice of Nov 11, 1918 ended the fighting
This is why Veterans Day is November 11th each year
Wilson went to Versailles, France for a peace conference
Home Front in World War I
Propaganda created a united war effort at the expense
of individual liberties
Propaganda = Information, of a biased or misleading
nature, used to promote a particular point of view
Americans were persuaded to plant victory gardens,

enlist in the military and buy war bonds (to help pay for
war)
The war was financed through War Bonds and Taxes
Home Front in World War I
Wartime propaganda characterized Germans as Huns
and resulted in discrimination against German-Americans
U.S. stopped teaching German in schools, restricted the

playing of German music and renamed German foods
Passage of the Sedition Act restricted the liberties of

Americans to voice their objections to the war effort and
contributed to the post-war Red Scare
President Wilsons 14 Point Peace Plan
Allies were determined to protect their

own national interests (and revenge)
Wilson made concessions to get Allies to

support creating the League of Nations
Treaty of Versailles: Ended WW1 and

imposed a war guilt clause and reparation
payments on Germany
The War guilt clause, reparations and
borders laid the basis for World War 2
To fulfill one Point and to eliminate

boundary disputes, new national borders
were drawn based on self determination
of peoples
1. Explain the Zimmerman Note and Americas reaction?

a. In this telegram, Germany tried to forge an alliance with Mexico against
the United States
2. What two events in 1917 led Wilson to declare war on the Central Powers?
a. (I) The decision of Germany to resume unrestricted submarine warfare
and (II) Wilsons desire to broker a just peace
3. What did President Wilson announced as his intention in entering WW1?
a. To make the world safe for democracy
4. What affect, positive and negative, did Propaganda have during the war?
a. Created a united war effort at the expense of individual liberties.
5. Americans were persuaded to do what things to help the war effort?
a. Plant victory gardens, Enlist in the military and Buy war bonds
6. Discuss some of the wartime Propaganda against Germans and the effect?
a. Called Germans Huns and discrimination against German-Americans
7. What restricted liberty to voice war objections and led to the Red Scare?
a. Passage of the Sedition Act
8. What officially ended the war with Germany VERSES what ended WW1?
1. Armistice of 1918 VERSES Treaty of Versailles
a. What was Wilsons Post-War vision and what did he propose to achieve it?
1. Peace without Victoryhe issued his 14-Points Plan
1. How did the Treaty of Versailles affect Germany?
a. Imposed a war guilt clause and reparations payments on Germany.
Pages 151 and 153

USHC 5.5 Analyze the United States rejection of

internationalism, including postwar disillusionment, the
Senates refusal to ratify the Versailles Treaty, the
election of 1920, and the role of the United States in
international affairs in the 1920s
Election of 1920
Foreign policy belongs to the Executive Branch but

checks and balances requires the Senate ratify treaties
Despite Wilsons role in the Treaty of Versailles and his

desire for the U.S. to play a leading role in the League of
Nations, the Senate refused to ratify the treaty
Senators worried the principle of Collective Security,

would require the U.S. become involved in military action
without the consent of the Senate
Cartoon highlights the fear that joining

the League of Nations would allow other
countries to tie Americas hands behind
our back and prevent us from defending
ourselves when we see fit
Senate rejects the Treaty of Versailles
In part, rejection of the treaty was political partisanship

Republican leadership in the Senate opposed ratification
Wilson refused to compromise with the Republican Senate

Took his case to the people on a cross country tour
Attempted to secure the election of Senate Democrats
Suffered a stroke on tour, still refused to compromise
The U.S. later made a separate peace with Germany

Election of 1920
Election of 1920 was really about the League of Nations
Democratic candidate (Cox) supported Wilsons idealism
Republican (Harding) advocated a Return to Normalcy

Really meant a return to U.S. Isolationism
Public had responded to Wilsons call to make the world

safe for democracy, but were disillusioned by the brutality
of war, cost in human life and the greed of the Allies
The Republicans won in a landslide; Americans seemed to

have rejected internationalism in favor of isolationism
Although the U.S. rejected collective security, it had not

rejected economic involvement with the rest of the world
As a result of the war, the U.S. became: the worlds

leading economic power, the leading exporter, a major
creditor nation and the worlds financial capital
America continued to be involved in Latin America and

tried to improve relations through the Good Neighbor
policy (Franklin D. Roosevelt)
The U.S. never joined the League of

Nations, but participated in conferences
to limit the size of the worlds navies
Neutrality Acts
U.S helped the Germans to pay the war reparations

through a loan program
U.S. took a hands-off approach to Europe as dictators

rose to power in Italy and Germany in the 20s and 30s
After the Crash of 1929 signaled the start of the Great

Depression, Americans were too concerned with their
problems to pay attention to the storm in Europe
Congressional hearings about how the U.S. became

involved in the Great War (WW1) led the Congress to
pass legislation to stop future involvement
The Neutrality Acts would tie the hands of President
Roosevelt and delay U.S. involvement in World War II
1. How did the U.S. Senate respond to the Treaty of Versailles?

a. They refused to ratify it
2. What reason did Senators give for not ratifying the Treaty of Versailles?
a. Worried the principle of collective security, would require the U.S.
become involved in military action without the consent of the Senate
3. Why was rejection of the Treaty viewed as Political Partisanship?
a. Because it was the Senate Republicans who refused to ratify it.
4. How did President Wilson respond to rejection of the treaty?
a. Took his case to the American people on a cross country speaking tour.
5. What happened to President Wilson during his cross country speaking tour?
a. Suffered a stroke, but still refused to compromise with Republicans
6. Without ratifying the Treaty, how did the U.S. achieve peace with Germany?
a. Signed a separate peace deal with Germany
7. What was the 1920 Election really considered to be about and who won?
a. The League of NationsRepublican Warren G, Harding won
8. What did presidential candidate Harding advocate for during his campaign?
1. A Return to Normalcy
a. Republican election victories suggested Americans rejected___ / Favored___
1. Rejected Internationalism in favor of Isolationism
1. Why did Americans become disillusioned and turn away from Wilson?
a. Brutality of the war, the cost in human life and the greed of the Allies
1. How did the role of the U.S. in the world expand after the WW1?
a. Became: the worlds leading economic power, the leading exporter of
goods, a major creditor nation and the worlds financial capital
2. After WW1 how did America try to improve relations with Latin America?
a. Through the Good Neighbor policy
3. How did the U.S. help Germany after WW1?
a. Helped pay war reparations through a loan program.
4. How did U.S. involvement in Europe change after WW1?
a. Took a hands-off approach as dictators rose to power in Italy / Germany
5. What event signaled the beginning of the Great depression?
a. The stock market crash of 1929
6. What legislation was passed by Congress after hearings about the war?
a. Neutrality Acts
7. How would the Neutrality Acts affect America during WW2?
a. The Neutrality Acts would tie the hands of President Roosevelt and delay
U.S. involvement in World War II
Pages 156 and 157

Terms and
TEKS People
8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas.
Yellow Press newspapers that used sensational headlines and

exaggeration to promote readership
Rough Riders volunteer cavalry unit assembled by Theodore

Roosevelt, famous for their 1898 charge at San Juan Hill
Treaty of Paris ended the Spanish-American War and included U.S.

acquisition of Puerto Rico and the purchase of the Philippines
spheres of influence zones in China that gave European powers
exclusive access to commerce
John Hay Secretary of State who asserted the Open Door Policy
Boxer Rebellion 1900 revolt by secret Chinese societies against
outside influences
Open Door Policy Secretary of State John Hays policy of opposing
European colonies and spheres of influence in China
Great White Fleet 1907 world cruise by an armada of U.S.
battleships to demonstrate American naval strength
TermsTEKS
and People
8C: Calculate (continued)
percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas.
Platt Amendment set of conditions under which Cuba was granted

independence in 1902, including restrictions on rights of Cubans and
granting to the U.S. the right to intervene to preserve order in Cuba
big stick diplomacy Theodore Roosevelts approach to
international relations that depended on a strong military to achieve its
aims
Panama Canal waterway dug across Panama to shorten the trip
between the Atlantic and the Pacific
Roosevelt Corollary President Theodore Roosevelts reassertion of
the Monroe Doctrine to keep the Western Hemisphere free from
intervention by European powers
dollar diplomacy President Tafts policy to encourage investment
rather than use force in Latin America
moral diplomacy President Wilsons statement that the U.S.
would not use force to assert influence in the world, but would instead
work to promote human rights
imperialism policy by which stronger nations extend their political,
economic, and military, control over weaker territories
Terms and People (continued)
Alfred T. Mahan naval historian who pushed for naval power as the
basis for a great nation; urged the U.S. to build a modern fleet
Social Darwinism belief that Darwins theory of the survival of the
fittest should be applied to societies, justifying imperialism
Queen Liliuokalani Hawaiian monarch dethroned in 1893 by rebel
American planters in an action backed by U.S. Marines
militarism glorification of the military
Francis Ferdinand archduke of Austria-Hungary who whose
assassination in 1914 caused World War 1
Western Front battle front between the Allies and Central Powers in
western Europe during World War I
U-boat German submarine
Lusitania British ship sunk by a German U-boat during World War I
Zimmermann note a telegram in which the German foreign
minister named Zimmerman proposed an alliance with Mexico against
the United States
Terms and People (continued)
Selective Service Act law that established a military draft in 1917
Great Migration movement of African Americans in the twentieth
century from the rural South to the industrial North
John J. Pershing General who led American forces in Europe
Fourteen Points Wilsons plan for lasting peace through
international openness and cooperation
self-determination the right of people to choose their own form of
government
League of Nations world organization to promote peaceful
cooperation between countries
reparations payments for war damages
Red Scare widespread fear of radicals and communists
creditor nation a nation that lends more money than it borrows

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TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas.

USHC Standard 5: The student will

USHC 5.1 Analyze the development of American

Secretary of State William Seward purchased

Valuable resources, including timber, and oil, were found

Alaska also doubled the size of Americas territory

Alaska was the

In the 1790s, American planters established sugar cane

In 1893, U.S. sugar cane planters, along with U.S.

Reason was to avoid paying tariffs on shipments to U.S.

President McKinley backed annexation when he took

The policy of extending the rule or authority of

Depression, strikes and farmer unrest demonstrated

Overseas markets were potential outlets for American

In The Influence of Sea Power Upon History,

Imperialists justified their actions based on

Social Darwinism fostered the idea that Americans

Americans believed God granted the white man the

Developments in other countries contributed to the U.S.s

Expansionism led the U.S. to: spread ideas, religion and

U.S. became a world power with their involvement

The United States expanded

1853 Commodore Matthew Perrys fleet entered Tokyo

1867 Secretary of State William Seward purchased Alaska

1867 United States obtained Midway Islands in the Pacific

1898 Congress approved the annexation of Hawaii

1898 The Spanish-American War gave the U.S. control of the

1. What advise did Washington give during his Farewell Address?

Note Taking Study Guide

USHC 5.2 Explain the influence of the Spanish-American

Involvement of the United States in the Spanish-American

What were the causes and effects of the

Yellow Press: Newspapers that used sensational

In 1895, Cuban patriot Jos Mart launched

Tens of The sympathetic

Yellow Press: Newspapers that used sensational

Competition for sales between rival newspapers in New

Yellow journalism led to a public outcry for involvement

These factors put pressure on President McKinley to ask

Expansion of U.S. with the:

Anti-Imperialists argued against annexation of the

President McKinley said it was U.S. responsibility to govern

Social Darwinism and racial prejudices played a role in

War ended with the Treaty of Paris

The Treaty recognized U.S. ownership of the Philippines,

The U.S. soon faced armed resistance in the Philippines

Supreme Court ruled Constitution does not follow the

Unlike the west, these lands were not offered statehood

Perception of the U.S. among subject peoples changed

1. Why did the U.S. fight the Spanish-American War?

Note Taking Study Guide

As US Foreign Policy changed from Isolationism (avoiding

In China, European countries had special trade privileges in

This Open Door Policy, or desire for free trade

The Open Door Policy was not to help China; it did

Success of the Open Door Policy was due to relationship

Boxer Rebellion: When Chinese nationalists called the

Called Boxers because they trained in martial arts

Note Taking Study Guide

The United States and Latin America

The U.S. involvement in Latin America increased

The Platt Amendment to the Cuban constitution

The Platt Amendment made it a protectorate of