Beruflich Dokumente
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Crushing
Mixing (Wet Process)
Mixing (Dry Process)
Grinding (Ball Mill and Tube
Mill)
Storage of Ground Materials
Burning
Drying Zone
Calcination Zone
Clinkering Zone
Grinding
Retarder
Dispersing Agent
Water Proofing
Packaging
CRUSHING
Ball Mill
Tube Mill
Slurry is burnt in rotary klin where actual chemical changes takes place.
Klin is long steel cylinder 30-40 meter in length, 2-4 meter in diameter, lined by refractory
bricks. It is inclined at gradient of 0.5-0.75 inch and can be rotated at the desired speed.
The material is introduced in the klin from the upper end as the klin rotates material
passes slowly towards the lower end.
Klin is heated by burning pulverized coal or oil and temperature is maintained at about
1400-1500C. At clinkering temperature actual chemical reactions takes place.
BURNING ZONE
A. DRYING ZONE
The upper part of the klin is known as drying zone.
The temperature is about 200-500C.
Most of the water gets evaporated from the slurry by means of hot gases.
B. CALCINATING ZONE
This the middle zone of the klin with temperature around 1000C.
Organic matter burns away and CaCO3 decomposes to quick lime and CO2
escapes out. The material forms small lumps called as nodules.
BURNING ZONE
C. CLINKERING ZONE
This is lowest portion of Klin with a temperature of about
1400-1600C. Lime and clay nodules melts with chemical
fusion and gives calcium aluminates and silicates. These
silicates and aluminates then fuse together to form small
hard stones called Clinkers which than fall down from
lower end of the Klin.
Clinker Constitution
Ca2SiO4 Dicalcium Silicate
Ca3SiO5 Tricalcium Silicate
Ca3Al2O6 Tricalcium Aluminate
Ca4Al2Fe2O10 Tetracalcium Aluminoferrite
MgO Magnesia
Cao When burning is incomplete
GRINDING
Retarder
Gypsum CaSO4.2H2O or Plaster of Paris CaSO4.H2O
acts as retarder to prevent quick setting. After initial
setting gypsum retards the dissolution of tricalcium
aluminate by forming tricalcium sulphoaluminate
(3CaO.Al2O3.xCaSO4.7H2O).
Dispersing Agent
Sodium salts and polymers of condensed napthlene or
sulphonic acid are added to prevent the formation of
lumps and cakes in the cement.
Water proofing agents are also added.
PACKAGING
MgO Magnesia 4%