Define erythropoiesis.

Explain
the stages of
erythropoiesis .Describe the
role of erythropoietin.
Theories of Hemopoiesis

1) Monophyletic Theory = all blood cells

arise from a single common stem cell
2) Diphyletic Theory = lymphocytes and
monocytes derived from one stem cell
(lymphoblast), granular leukocytes and
RBCs from another stem cell
(myeloblast)
3) Polyphyletic Theory
 Erythropoiesis

Erythropoiesis(from Greek
'erythro' meaning "red" and 'poiesis'
meaning "to make") is the process
which produces red blood cells
(erythrocytes). It is stimulated by
decreased O2in circulation, which is
detected by the kidneys, which then
secrete the hormone erythropoietin.
Stages and principle involved in
differentiation of RBC

1)Reduction in size

2) Condensation and
eventual loss of nuclear
material and organelles

3) Acquisition of Hb via
protein synthesis

4) Loss of proliferation
capabilities
 Stages of Erythropoiesis

Proerythroblast
large cells (20-30 micrometers),
large spherical nucleus, prominent
nucleoli, basophilic cytoplasm

Basophilic Erythroblast
still large (15-20 micrometers),
nucleus round and proportionately
smaller, basophilic cytoplasm,
chromatin more condensed
Polychromatophilic Erythroblast
12-15 micrometers in diameter,
cytoplasm with diffuse basophilic (blue
= ribosomes) and acidophilic (pink =
Hb) staining,nucleus spherical and
proportionately smaller with chromatin
more condensed

Orthchromatic erythroblast
8-10 micrometers, nucleus small and
dark-staining (condensed heterochromatin),
cytoplasm pinkish-
blue to pink
 Reticulocyte
8-10 micrometers, no nucleus
(extrusion has occurred), more
acidophilic cytoplasm but still
some
basophilic due to ribosomes

Diapedesis
Mature erythrocytes
cytoplasm stains completely
acidophilic

- Differentiation and
maturation takes about 3 days
 Erythropoietin
Erythropoietin is a substance produced by the
kidney that leads to the formation of red blood
cells in the bone marrow. Erythropoietin
165 aminoacid Glycoprotein, half life 5hrs
Source- 85% kidneys, liver
Mechanism of action:
number of erythropoietin sensitive committed
stem cell in bonemarrow= production of
Proerythroblast and proliferation and
development of other stage
EPO= DNA cleavage followed by apoptosis
Site of inactivation- Liver
 Role of erythropoietin
Affects red cell production by acting
several precursors of erythrocytes
Shortens cell cycle by inducing them
to divide more frequently
Stimulate globin production , thereby
promoting filling of the cells with
haemoglobin
 Cont.(role of
erythropoietin)
Favors the drift of totipotent stem
cells towards the erythroid series
Stimulate the release of relatively
immature forms of erythrocytes into
the circulation
 CORRELATION
In iron deficiency anemia there is
increased erythropoiesis ( erthryoid
hyperplasia , seen in bone marrow
aspiration finding ).
Thank you