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Refresher course : Module-06
Part-1 : Introduction
Part-2 : Welding & related processes
Part-3 : Brazing and soldering
Part-4 : Cutting & edge preparation
Part-5 : Plasma Cutting
Part-6 : Thermal Cutting Standards
Part-7 : Safety
IIW-ANB refresher course for Transition candidates 2
Part-1
Introduction
Oxy-gas equipment
Flame Heat of
Oxygen:FG Temperature combustion
Deg C MJ/m
Correct mixture
Neutral Greenish, rounded
inner cone
Excess of O2
Oxidising Blueish, sharp
inner cone
Nozzle
OXY OXY-LPG
ACETYLENE
WELDING
TORCH
Oxy-gas welding
and
related processes
No special preparation.
4-6 mm
Slight root opening recommended
Technique Suitability
Slightly
High Carbon Steel Yes Bronze
Oxidising
Assembly to be made by
self-locating or non-interfering
fixturing
Ag-Cu-P 640-780
Ag-Cu 778-825
Al & Al bronze
Brass
Copper
Steel/SS
Cast iron
Sn-Zn Aluminium
Cd-Ag Aluminium
Zn-Al Aluminium
Brazing Soldering
MS
SS
TITANIUM
ALUMINIUM
CERAMIC
RUBBER
41
IIW-ANB refresher course for Transition candidates
Oxygen cutting process
Job is preheated to cherry red (around 850C)
Release pure oxygen stream
The pure oxygen starts oxidation (ignition) of
the hot metal which is exothermic Helps
sustain reaction
Oxide produced is molten at that temperature
Kinetic energy of O2 removes molten oxide
producing kerf
These conditions are satisfied by Steel & Titanium.
Therefore these metals can be cut by this process
IIW-ANB refresher course for Transition candidates 42
Oxy-fuel gas cutting
Most widely used cutting
process
Can be used for cutting
MS and low alloy steels
Uses a wide range of fuel
gases acetylene, propane,
LPG, Methane, Hydrogen
Used in foundries for
cutting off runners and risers
Used for machine cutting
or hand cutting
Mixed gas
Cutting oxygen
Cutting Nozzle
Pre-heat flame View from the bottom
CUTTING STREAM
DRAG
LINES
IIW-ANB refresher course for Transition candidates 45
Drag Lines
As well as the roughness of the cut face, drag lines across the
surface of the cut can give the operator an indication if the cutting
speed is correct and the right cutting oxygen velocity is being
used.
DEFECTS CAUSES
Fluted cut
Low speed
-gouging at the bottom
Carbon 0.3
Manganese 10
Silicon 2
Chromium 5
Nickel 3
IIW-ANB refresher course for Transition candidates 50
Effects of oxygen purity
17
SPEED / CONSUMPTION
5
O2 CONSUMPTION
15
0
12
5
10
(%)
0
75
50
CUTTING SPEED
2
510 99.5 99 98.5 9
0 8
O2 PURITY %
1.0
m/min
0.5
0.2 STANDAR
5 D
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
PLATE THICKNESS mm > >
IIW-ANB refresher course for Transition candidates 52
Plate Edge Preparation
Flame Planing Machine
Torch
CONTROLS Carriages
TBA
WORKPIECE
Scrap
CUSTOMERS
ORDER DESIGN
BOM DXF
FILES
FINISHED
GOODS PRODN PART TOOL PATH CNC
PLANNING LIBRARY NESTING GENERATION CUTTING
RAW PROGRAMMING
MATERIALS GRAPHIC
EDITOR
MIS MIS
STATION
COUNTER
CLOCKWIS
E TRAVEL KERF OFFST
= KERF
WIDTH ON RH
CLOCKWISE SIDE OF
TRAVEL TRAVEL
START
SCRAP
DESIRED JOB
DIMENSION
JOB
KERF
LEFT RIGHT
PROFIL
INSIDE CCW CW
E
OUTSID
E
CW CCW
3-5 20-25
mm mm 3 4
1 2
Preheat Retract Release O2 Normal
& Move
IIW-ANB refresher course for Transition candidates 60
Part-5
PLASMA
GAS
PLASMA
CUTTING
TORCH
SECONDARY
GAS
RECTIFIER HIGH
POWER FREQUENCY
SOURCE SOURCE
IIW-ANB refresher course for Transition candidates 64
Air plasma
Steam Layer
T-1>T-2>T-3>T-4
T-1
T-2
T3 WORKPIECE
T-4
TAPER CUT
SURFACE
IIW-ANB refresher course for Transition candidates 68
Water Injection Plasma
Underwater cutting
Air
Nitrogen
Argon
Argon+Hydrogen
(60% + 40%)
Nitrogen
(99.999%) IIW-ANB refresher course for Transition candidates 71
Plasma cutting
Further refinements
Kerf 0.9-3 3 --
HAZ (mm) 0.6 0.4 --
Pre-heat flame
Oxygen stream
Thermal Cutting
Standards
86
Roughness of
IIW-ANB refresher course for Transition candidates
Part-7
Safety
Protection Protection
Recommendation
of from
IR Radiation,
Skin Spatter, Wear leather gloves & apron
IIW-ANB refresher course for Transition candidates 88
Safety in oxy-cutting & welding
USE OF ACETYLENE
Gouging
1) S. Ghoshal
1) Ranajoy Banerjee