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Vessels
INTRODUCTION
Cylindrical or spherical vessels are commonly used in industry
to serve as boiler or tanks.
When under pressure, material is subjected to a loading
from all direction.
In general, thin wall refers to a vessel having an inner-radius-
to-wall-thickness ratio of 10 or 1/10 of the radius of the
container
Under this condition, the stress in the wall may be considered
uniform.
In practice, it will vary from zero at the outside surface to a value equal to the
internal pressure at the inside surface (will be discussed later in Solid Mechanics II)
Cylindrical vessel with principal stresses
1 = hoop stress
2 = longitudinal stress
Hoop stress:
Fz 0 1 2t x p 2r x
pr
1
t
Longitudinal stress:
Fx 0 2 2 rt p r
2
pr
2
2t
1 2 2
Points A and B correspond to hoop stress, 1,
and longitudinal stress, 2
200 kN
stress due to int ernal pressure
Hoop stress
pr 1500 103 (0.9)
x H 45 MPa
t 0.03
longitudinal stress
pr 1500 103 (0.9)
y L 22.5 MPa
2t
2( 0 . 03)
stress due to axial loading
F 200 10
3
200 10 200 103
3
y 1.16 Mpa
A 1
( Do 2 Di 2 ) (1.862 1.82) 1.724 10
4 4
Fy = 0; y 22.5 MPa 1.16MPa 21.34 MPa
x 45 MPa
n x cos2 y sin2 2 xy sin cos
45 106 cos2 (120) 1.09 106 sin2 (120) 0
11.25 106 0.818 106
12.078 MPa