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This document summarizes Barbara Carper's 1978 theory on the fundamental patterns of knowing in nursing. Carper proposed that there are 4 patterns of nursing knowledge: empirics (science), ethics, aesthetics (art), and personal knowledge. Empirics refers to knowledge gained through science and research. Ethics involves moral and ethical knowledge. Aesthetics is artistic and intuitive knowledge. Personal knowledge refers to self-awareness and understanding gained through experience. Carper's theory aimed to formally define nursing knowledge and provide a framework for communicating what nurses know. It has influenced the development of nursing as a discipline and practice.
This document summarizes Barbara Carper's 1978 theory on the fundamental patterns of knowing in nursing. Carper proposed that there are 4 patterns of nursing knowledge: empirics (science), e…