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LECTURE ON

DESIGN OF EARTH DAMS


(DESIGN OF HYDRAULIC STRUCTURES)
Faculty Profile:
Bhushan M. Raisinghani (BMR)
M.Tech (by Research) EQRD
(2016)
B.Tech Civil Engineering (2008)
Structural Engineer (5yrs
experience)
What is a Dam ? Types of Dams?
Dams are massive barriers built across rivers and streams to confine and utilize
the flow of water for human purposes (irrigation, hydropower generation).

DAMS

Use Design Materials

Rigid Dam
Storage Dam
Overflow Dam Non-Rigid
Diversion Dam
Non-Overflow Dam
Detention Dam
Dam
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Earth Dams
Earth dams are the dams made of earth material which is locally available i.e.
gravel or soil.

These dams are made upto moderate height.

Dams less than 15m height are called small earth dams and greater than 15m
height are called large earth dams (IS 12169).

Their construction involves utilization of materials in the natural state requiring


a minimum of processing.

They can be subsequently raised in height without much difficulty in future.

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Components of Earth Dams

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Components of Earth Dams
Cutoff is provided in earth dams to reduce loss of stored water through
foundations. It also prevents sub-surface erosion of soil mass.

Core acts a impermeable membrane within the body of dam. The cohesive soil
type is used for construction of core. IS 1498 suggests the suitability of soils for
the core. Soils having high compressibility, liquid limit and organic content may
be avoided as they are prone to swelling and formation of cracks.

Casing provides stability and protects core. It is made of pervious type soils.

Slope Protection is provided to avoid direct effect of water on soil mass. It is a


membrane on soil surface. (eg. Riprap, Turfing). 300mm thk layer provided.
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Causes of Failures of Earth Dams
Hydraulic Failures
o Overtopping: design flood is under-estimated / spillway is insufficient /
insufficient free board / settlement of dam.
o Wave Erosion: waves notch out earth from the u/s face of dam.
o Toe Erosion: due to tail water level, cross current from spillway
o Gullying: heavy downpour leads to formation of gullies in body of dam.
Seepage Failure
o Piping: seeping water dislodges soil particles through body of dam /
foundation.
o Sloughing failure: the toe of dam gets eroded during full reservoir condition
leaving a steeper slope
Structural Failure

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Structural Failure of Earth Dams
U/S and D/S slope failure due to construction pore pressure
U/S slope failure due to sudden drawdown
D/S slope failure during the full reservoir condition
Foundation slide liquefaction
Failure by spreading
Failure due to earthquake
Slope protection failure
Failure due to burrowing animals
Damage caused by water soluble materials

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Slide Failure of Dam

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Piping failure of Dam

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Theory of Seepage Analysis for Earth Dams

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Thank You

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