Radiopharmaceu

ticals
&

Nuclear
pharmacy
Contents:-
1.Radiopharmaceutical
s
2.types
3.Application
4.Radiopharmacy
5.Nuclear pharmacy
6. Nuclear pharmacy in
pakistan
1.Atom
2.Isotopes
3.Radiations
4.Radioactive Isotopes
5.Radioactivty
Atom

nucleus:

proton nucleon
A A = mass number
neutron
X = proton + netron
Z
Z = atomic number

Atom:-
Smallest particle of Element that can Exist
and can not furthur devide.
 Do you know isotope?

Isotope of an atom have the same number of

protons (atomic number), but a different number of
neutrons.
Radioactivity and
Radiation
Radioactivity: the process in which an unstable
isotope undergoes changes until a stable state
is reached and in the transformation emits
energy in the form of radiation (alpha particles,
beta particles and gamma rays).

Radiation refers to particles or waves coming

from the nucleus of the atom (radioisotope or
radionuclide) through which the atom attempts
to attain a more stable configuration.
 Radioactive is not always
something that we affraid of it,
but it is also helpfull to human life

What is advantages of Radiation?

Radiation have used in health, Industry,
Agriculture, Army, Power supply, Chemistry and
nuclear medicine
In Health : Radiopharmaceuticals

Nuclear medicine : Organ Imaging , Gamma

Camera, MRI
Radiopharmaceuticals
A radiopharmaceutical is a
radioactive compound used for the
diagnosis and therapeutic treatment
of human diseases.

In
 Radiopharmaceuticals
Term radiopharmaceutical is most
commonly used, other terms such as
Radiotracer
radiodiagnostic agent
and tracer
have been used by various groups.
Types of
Radiopharmaceuticals
1. Diagnostic Radiopharmaceuticals
2. Therapeutic Radiopharmaceuticals
 Radiopharmaceuticals
nuclear medicine nearly 95% of the
radiopharmaceuticals are used for
diagnostic purposes, while the rest
are used for therapeutic treatment.
Radiopharmaceuticals usually have
minimal pharmacologic effect,
Therapeutic radiopharmaceuticals
can cause tissue damage by
radiation.
 Diagnostic
Radiopharmaceuticals
used to derive detailed description of the
morphology and dynamic functioning of
the ( 3 ) various internal organs of
the body.
(2)
(1)
 Diagnostic
Radiopharmaceuticals

Imaging diagnostics
Barium swallow examination of upper GI tract
Non-imaging diagnostics
Radioactive Isotope labelling for tracing
i.e. More specific tests for thyroid function, renal function
and vitamin adsorption.
Therapeutic
Radiopharmaceuticals
Designed to deliver therapeutic dose
of ionizing radiation to specific
disease site, such as cancerous
tumors, with high specificity in the
body.

Historically, used to treat Thyroid

cancer, Graves disease,
hyperthyroidism, and bone pain
pallitation associated with skeletal
Therapeutic
Radiopharmaceuticals
Chromic phosphate P32 for lung, uterine, and prostate cancers

Sodium iodide I 131 for thyroid cancer

Samarium Sm 153 for cancerous bone tissue

Sodium phosphate P 32 for cancerous bone tissue and other types

of cancers

Palliative treatment - refers to the management of symptoms

when the underlying disease is untreatable or terminal.
Radiotherapy may aid in prolonging the life of dying patients.
Ideal
Radiopharmaceuticals
The ideal characteristics for
radiopharmaceuticals are:
Easy availability
Short effective Half-Life
Minimal Particle Emission
High Target-to Non target Activity Ratio
Advantages of RP
It can be used as diagnosis and
treatment of patients
It is common cure to cancers
Can treat multiple disease sites
Widely available mode of treatment
Directly treats tumor, especially
useful for bone metastasis
Advantages of RP
Can provide fast onset of pain relief
Single dose is effective for some
patients
Nuclear medicine tests can be
performed on children
Nuclear medicine procedures are
cost effective and painless
 GENERAL PRECAUTIONS
A radioisotope BINU HOSPITAL
administration sheet is BAHAWALPUR
Radioactive isotope administration
placed in the medical Tracer therapy
record by the isotope Isotope____
administrator at the Effective half life______
Dose_______
time of treatment and is Route of administration_______________
to remain there The patient received radio isotope
permanently as an on_______

isotope to sign at the all precautions must be meticulously observed if

entrance of the room or there is spillage make no attempts to clean the area.
Notify at once to the undersigned and the
unit by the radiological house
administrator.
signed______M.D
radiocative isotope administrator
What is Radiopharmacy?
What is Radiopharmacy?
The Preparation of high quality,
radioactive, medicinal products for use
in diagnosis and therapy.
It's work carried out in accordance
with Specials license and
within an aseptic environment
Applications of
Radiopharmacy
Diagnostic
Barium swallow examination of
upper GI tract
Non-imaging diagnostics
Radioactive Isotope labelling for tracing
i.e. More specific tests for thyroid function, renal
function and vitamin adsorption.
Research
Pharmacological
Drug delivery i.e. brain perfusions and
examining whether or not drugs cross blood
brain barrier.
Applications of
Radiopharmacy
Curative & Palliative
Radiotherapy
Brachytherapy The introduction of a
Radionuclide into a localised area of tissue,
i.e. a tumour. The radiation destroys cells
within the vicinity.
Iodine-131 A radioactive isotope used to
treat Hyperthyroidism. Once injected the
isotope concentrates within certain tissues.
Has the advantage of not requiring invasive
surgery or anaesthesia. Who makes the
drug?
Palliative treatment - refers to the
management of symptoms when the
underlying disease is untreatable or terminal.
Radiotherapy may aid in prolonging the life of
dying patients.
NUCLEAR PHARMACY
Its a relatively newer branch of
pharmacy that involves the
procurement , compounding ,
dispensing and quality control of
radioactive pharmaceuticals
intended to be used for
investigation or treatment of
some diseases in humans or
animals
Nuclear Medicine
Nuclear Medicine is a branch of
medicine concerned with the use of
radionuclides in diagnosis and
treatment of disease
Radionuclides are used for
1. Assessment of organ function
2. Detection of disease
3. Treatment of disease
4. Monitoring of effect of treatment
 PRACTICE OF NUCLEAR
PHARMACY
nuclear pharmacy is a patient
oriented service that involve the
scientific knowledge and
professional judgment and
officious use of drugs for
diagnosis and therapy
Procurement and
storage
Because of the short life of the
radiopharmaceuticals the nuclear
pharmacist will order the drug directly from
manufacturer usually through over night
delivery
In addition knowledge of calibration time
shipping/ delivery schedules and radio
active decay associated with the ordered
radio pharmaceutical weigh heavily in the
ordering process
Isotope storage areas should be as per the
rules. there should be a separate lab for the
manipulation and preparation of radio
Preparation of the radio
pharmaceutical
Radio nuclide generator
Cyclotrons
Radiopharmaceutical
product
Dispensing of
radiopharmaceuticals
The dispensing of
radiopharmaceuticals should be
safe, straightforward and
reliable
An important factor in
radiopharmaceutical dispensing has
been the production of ready to use
kits or cold kits which provide
individual/ multiple.
QUALITY ASSURANCE
Radiopharmaceuticals are generally
expected to conform to specifications
under the following heading:
Radionuclide concentration
Radiochemical purity
Sterility
Particle size (if appropriate)
pH
Biological distribution
 Labelling
All products should be clearly identified by label which
must remain permanently attached to the
containers under all storage condition
The label on the container should show the;
a). Name of the drug product and product code,
b). The name of radio nuclide, c).
The name of manufacturer or the company,
d). The radioactivity per unit dose, e).
The route of administration, f). The expiry date,
g). The amount of radioactivity at dispatch time
and h). In case of cold kits; -the direction of
preparing and -a statement of shelf life of the
prepared radio pharmaceutical and
-the radiation dose that the patient would receive
SINOR
Reference
Hospital Pharmacy-William Hassan
Ansels Pharmaceutical Dosage Form
And Drug Delivery
Pharmaceutical Practice-Winfield N
Richards