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OPTIMIZATION OF DRIVE
SHAFT WITH COMPOSITE
PRESENTED BY:
NAME: USN:
1. AAYUSH ANAND IJS14ME001
2. ABHISHEK SHUKLA 1JS14ME005
3. AMAN SALAKA 1JS14ME008
4. AMIT KUMAR PODDAR 1JS14ME011
5. ANKIT KUMAR SINGH 1JS14ME016
6. ANMOL AGARWAL 1JS14ME018
7. BIBHASH KUNDU 1JS14ME027
8. PILLAI AKHIL 1JS14ME058
9. RAHUL KUMAR 1JS14ME065
ABSTRACT
SHAFTS are a basic, important and very common
machine element.
Shaft
In general, a ROTATING member used for the transmission of power.
Axle
Generally a STATIONARY member used as a support for rotating members such as
bearings, wheels, idler gears, etc.
Spindle
A short shaft, usually of small diameter, usually rotating, e.g. valve spindle for gate
valve, but consider also the HEADSTOCK SPINDLE of a lathe, which is quite large
and usually has a hole right through its center
Stub shaft
A shaft which is integral with an engine, motor or prime mover and is of suitable size,
shape and projection to allow its easy connection to other shafts.
Line shaft
A shaft connected to a prime mover which transmits power to a number of
machines now mostly superseded by machines having individual motors.
Jack shaft
A short shaft used to connect a prime mover to a machine or another shaft.
May also be a short shaft placed as an intermediate shaft between a prime
mover and driven machine.
Flexible shaft
Permits the transmission of power between two shafts (e.g. motor shaft and
machine shaft) whose rotational axes are at an angle or where the angle
between the shafts may change.
INTRODUCTION
A driveshaft is a rotating shaft that transmits power from the
engine to the differential gear of a rear wheel drive vehicles
Driveshaft must operate through constantly changing angles
between the transmission and axle.
Steel drive shafts are usually manufactured in two pieces to
Von-Mises stress
It observed from above analysis
results von-Misses value for steel
shaft is 96Mpa
CONT.
By comparing the theoretical values and hollow shaft analysis values it is
observed that the calculated deformation value is 0.69 mm and the simulated
value for deformation is .599 mm, Shear stress value calculated is 20.78Mpa for
simulated it was 28Mpa, And for von-misses those values are 66Mpa and 96Mpa
these results shows variation between theoretical and simulated up to 5.4 % only
geometric model
Step 2: Creating 3D FE model by using Hypermesh and creating
Intensity values
ELEMENTS USED FOR ANALYSIS
AND ITS CHARACTERISTICS
S Generic element type Ansys Name Description
. name
No
1 20 Node Solid 95 20 Node
Quadratic structural solid
Hexahedron
Steel shaft buckling Kevlar/Epoxy buckling stress valuesanalysis of shaft with crac
Torsional
Steel shaft with crack tip cross-section Steel Shaft intensity Graph
KEVLAR/EPOXY SHAFT WITH CUT SECTION WITH STRESSES AT CRACK TIP
By considering graph plotted between Distance (r)
and stress r from crack tip the stress intensity
factor KIII value for composite shaft is observed as
0.012 Mpamm
Composite shaft with crack tip cross-section Composite Shaft intensity Graph
RESULTS SUMMARY
Material Steel Kevlar/Epoxy
Number of layers - 2
Angle of ply - 45
Smoother operation
Easy installation
KEY FEATURES AND ADVANTAGES (CARBON FIBER)
Dimensional stability
The lower coefficient of thermal expansion of superior composites that
are used results in higher dimensional stability of the drive shaft
resulting in reduced stresses, vibrations and increase in service life
Independent of direction of rotation
The drive shafts are designed to rotate in both directions and so are
well suited for reverse operations as well
Long spans
The shafts are made from composites while the hubs and hardware
are made from SS-316, giving the drive shafts very high corrosion
resistance.
SHAFT FAILURE MODES
A shaft may fail by:
Excessive lateral deflection, which causes items such as
gears to move laterally from their proper location,
resulting in incorrect meshing.
CONCLUSION
1. The usage of composite material has resulted to inconsiderable amount of
weight saving in the range of 28 % when compared to conventional steel
shaft
2. Taking into considerations the weight saving, deformation, shear stress
induced and resonant frequencies it is evident that Kevalar/Epoxy
composite has the most encouraging properties to act as replacement for
steel out of the considered two materials
3. The presented work was aimed to reduce the fuel consumption of the
automobile in the particular or any machine, which employs drive shafts ,in
general it is achieved by using light weight composites like Kevelar/Epoxy
4. The presented work also deals with design optimization i.e converting two
piece drive shaft (conventional steel shaft) in to single piece light weighted
composite drive shaft
5. The drive shaft of Toyota Qualis was chosen for determining the
dimensions, which were used then used for the material properties of
composites were used the stability of drive shaft is ensured by limiting the
include values with in the permissible range in Ansy 12.0
6. The stress intensity value (KIII) at crack tip is observed for composite
driveshaft is low.
REFERENCES
Mechanics of laminated composite plates and shells:
theory and analysis by Junuthula Narasimha Reddy.