DNA STORAGE

By: Daniel Engracia

 ?
DNA DATA STORAGE
?
WHAT IS A DNA?
DNA
d en /
noun
?
BIOCHEMISTRY
deoxyribonucleic acid, a self-replicating material present in
nearly all living organisms
as the main constituent of chromosomes. It is the carrier of
genetic information.
ha
t
the fundamental and distinctive characteristics or qualities
of someone or something,
especially when regarded as unchangeable.

ow
You k
now t
hat k n
.
DNA DATA STORAGE

Its the one of latest technology this year

2017, many speculation that putting data on
a DNA takes expensive machines to decode
the raw DNA and get the data.
 Microsoft last year claimed a record by storing 200MB
of data but now researchers have gone much further.

Researchers from Columbia University and the New York

Genome Center have devised a new coding system,
dubbedDNA Fountain, which is capable of stuffing 215
petabytes of data into one gram of DNA.

That's about 100 times more than previous researchers

have stored on DNA, and was achieved by customizing

an algorithm for streaming video on a smartphone,

exploring new storage technologies that could shrink, for example, Facebook's exabyte cold-storage datacenter to a cubi

While information in computers is written as ones and

zeros, researchers have devised different algorithms
for encoding data to conform with DNA's four base
nucleotides: adenine, A, guanine, G, cytosine, C, and
thymine, T. Using this method, Microsoft last year
claimed a recordby storing 200MB of data including a
music video, on synthetic DNA strands.

DNA storage is the bottom level of the storage hierarchy, with by far
the slowest
access times.
 Microsoft will buy10 million synthetic 'long
oligonucleotides', or DNA molecules, from US
startup Twist Bioscience to explore whether
they can be used for long-term mass storage,
the companies announced on Wednesday.

Researchers from Microsoft and University of

Washington argue in anew paperthat existing
disk-based and optical media are not keeping
up with the exponential growth in demand for
data storage, much of which is infrequently
accessed or 'cold' data.

A case in point is Facebook, which has built an

entire datacenter to archive one Exabyte of
data stored on Blu-ray.

Microsoft and the University of Washington

reckon synthetic DNA has the potential to
make Facebook's cold-storage datacenter
 By making the process of a DNA DATA STORAGE

ENCODING - the process of putting a sequence of characters

DNA SYNTHESIS-natural or artificial creation of deoxyribonucleic

acid (DNA) molecules.

PCR- Polymerase chain reaction(PCR) is a technique used

inmolecular
Biology toamplify a single copy or a few copies of a piece
ofDNAacross
several orders of magnitude, generating thousands to millions of
copies of
a particularDNA sequence.

DNA SEQUENCING- the process of determining the precise order

of nucleotides within aDNAmolecule. It includes any method or
technology that is used to determine the order of the four bases
adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thyminein a strand ofDNA.

MERGING- combining DNA data on a single strand.

 DECODING- from all the process it now ready to decode the data that ha
been transferred on the DNA strand
THE STORAGE CAPACITY: The raw storage capacity of DNA

is staggering compared with even the most advanced

electronic or magnetic storage systems. It is theoretically

possible to store an Exabyte of information, if it were coded

into DNA, in the volume of a grain of sand. An Exabyte is

roughly equivalent to 200 million DVDs.

A quote:DNA is a remarkable media for long-term storage,

said Karin Strauss, a Microsoft computer architect. All you

have to do is keep it cold and dry.