Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Unit - V
Aromatics-BTX derivatives
BTX-DERIVATIVES
Isophthalic acid
Benzoic acid
Benzyl chloride, Benzal chloride, Benzotrichloride
Benzaldehyde
Nitrotoluenes
Cresols
Nonyl phenol
Diisopropyl Benzene
Hydroquinone, Anthroquinone
p-diethyl Benzene
Isophthalic acid
C6H4(COOH)2
It is an important derivative of m-Xylene and is used in the
manufacture of unsaturated and saturated polyesters, alkyl
resins,
Process plasticizers,
Technology: andTwo
in fibres.
step process
Liquid phase oxidation of m-xylene by use of ammonium
sulphate.
(Chevron process) :Temp-320 C pressure is 70-140 atm
Various process technologies
Chervron process:
It utilizes sulphur based oxidation of m-Xylene in aqueous ammonia at
about 3200C &70-140 atm to produce amide which is then hydrolyzed
with sulphuric acid to produce Isophthalic acid.
Arco chemical process:
Air oxidation of m-xylene in acetic acid, catalyzed by a cobalt salt and
promoted by acetaldehyde at temp. of 100-1500C.
Liquid phase oxidation of m-Xylene in the presence of cobalt salt
activated with bromine in acetic acid at 2000C & 28.2 Kg/cm2 pressure.
Amco chemical process:
The oxidation of mixed xylenes on a cobalt-manganese-bromine catalyst
system
Dupont process:
The oxidation of m-xylene by nitric acid at moderated temperature and
pressure conditions.
USES
Manufacture of unsaturated polyesters which display better
toughness, resistance to abrasion, higher heat distortion
temperature, chemical and weathering resistance.
IPA polymers find application in fibers, films and reinforced
glasses
Manufacture of alkyd coatings which are made by the
reaction of Isophthalic acid and polybasic acids.
Formulation of adhesives, inks, wire enamels (enamels used
for manufacturing of magnet wires. They are coated on the
surface of copper or alumina wires and cured to form
electrical insulation film possessing certain mechanical
strength, thermal resistant and chemical resistant
properties.)
Benzoic Acid(C6H5COOH)
Which is used in the manufacture of caprolactum, phenol and terephthalic acid and used
as mordant.
Process technology:
Liquid phase catalytic oxidation of toluene in the presence of cobalt acetate at 1650C &
11.2 atm pressure.
The major processing steps in the manufacture of benzoic acid consists of:
Catalytic liquid phase air oxidation of toluene
Stripping of unreacted toluene and light end precursors from the benzoic acid for
recycle
Distillation of recover benzoic acid as a pure overhead product.
Vent gases
Distillation
Toluene
Catalyst column
Air Separator Cooler
Heavy ends
Filter
Uses
Nonylphenol is used in the manufacture of detergents where
Nonylphenol is converted either by ethoxidation or sulphonation to a
detergent.
Nonylphenol reacts with ethylene oxide to form polyoxyethylene
derivatives that have surface active properties.
C9H19C6H4OH + n CH2OCH2 C9H19C6H4(OCH2CH2)nOH
Reaction of Nonylphenol with for formaldehyde yields products which is
used as oil additive and synthetic lubricants.
Hydroquinone (C6H4(OH)2)
The major use of hydroquinone are as an antioxidant, antiozonant in
rubber manufacture and in chemical formulation for the
development of photographic films.
It is also used as a polymerization inhibitor.
It is used as a stabilizer in paints and varnishes, motor fuels and oils.
The major process technologies are:
Hydroxylation of phenol
Bisphenol route
Acetylene route
Electrolytic oxidation of benzene
Anthraquinone(C6H4(CO)2C6H4)
It is an important dye intermediates and pigment.
The major process technologies are
Phthalic anhydride and benzene route:
Styrene route:
Dimerization of styrene to methyl phenylindane which on
oxidation in the vapour phase yields anthraquinone.
Friedel-Crafts reaction: It is also prepared by the
Friedel-Crafts reaction which involves a reaction
between the organic compounds benzene and
phthalic anhydride in presence of aluminum
chloride. The resulting o-benzoylbenzoic acid, an
organic acid, then undergoes further reactions,
forming anthraquinone. This reaction is useful for
producing substituted anthraquinones.
Diels-Alder reaction: The Diels-Alder reaction of
naphthoquinone (class of natural phenols) and
butadiene (hydrocarbon) followed by oxidative
dehydrogenation (removal of hydrogen) will also
produce anthraquinone.
BASF: Baden Aniline and Soda Factory(BASF), the
largest chemical company in the world and is
p-Diethyl Benzene(PDEB)
Important high value, low volume, specialty chemically derived
benzene
It is used as desorbent for separating p-xylene from xylene
isomers.
The conventional process involves alkylation of benzene with
ethylene and then dehydrogenation of ethyl benzene, where
styrene and mixed diethyl benzene is formed. PDEB can be
separated from mixed diethyl benzene stream by adsorption